产业创新的科学知识特征对中国技术追赶的影响  

Impact of scientific knowledge characteristics of industrial innovation on China′s technological catch-up

作　　者：李梦柯 王芳 Li Mengke;Wang Fang(Institutes of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Public Policy and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院,北京100049

出　　处：《科研管理》2024年第3期10-19,共10页Science Research Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目:“基于科学知识异质性的知识重组理论与实证研究”(72274191,2023.01—2026.12)。

摘　　要：理解科学知识对后发经济体技术追赶的影响对创新经济理论与创新政策都有重要意义。本文结合知识基础理论和技术体制理论,提出科学技术特征属性的概念和分析框架,从知识异质性视角分析产业创新的科学知识特征因素对中国技术追赶过程的影响。通过分析美国专利及商标局1995—2019年的全球授予专利及其引用科学文献的数据,发现中国难以在科学关联度较高的领域、科学知识复杂多样化的领域和私有部门科学知识贡献度较高的技术领域提升技术水平和实现追赶;中国的技术追赶更依赖较为近期的科学知识,优势产业发展更依赖国外的科学知识来源;中国技术创新的本土科学知识来源主要来自公共部门的成果,私有部门产出科学对创新的作用不突出。研究结论揭示了中国优势技术领域发展的科学知识特征,为中国技术追赶提供了实证证据与政策启示。Understanding the impact of scientific knowledge on the technological catch-up of latecomer economies is of great significance to innovation economics theory and public policy.This paper combined the theory of knowledge base and technological regime to construct a theoretical framework for analyzing the scientific knowledge characteristics of technological innovation across different sectors from the perspective of heterogeneity of scientific knowledge.It proposed five dimensions,namely,scientific linkage,scientific cumulativeness,scientific appropriability,scientific diversity and scientific knowledge sources,to define the characteristics of scientific knowledge used in technological innovation across different sectors,and analyzed their impacts on the technological catch-up of China.The data were obtained from the United States Patent and Trademark Office(USPTO)and Lens dataset.This covers a total of 5,100,624 patents in 88 economies granted by USPTO from 1995 to 2019,and 5,837,518 resolved scientific literature.Based on the WIPO technology classification table,the sample patents were divided into 35 technology fields according to their first IPC code.The generalized least squares(GLS)model was used to analyze impacts of scientific-technological regimes on technological catch-up in China.The following four research findings were obtained from this research.First,it is difficult for China to catch up in the fields characterized with high degree of scientific linkage.Sectors characterized with high scientific linkage,such as nanotechnology,biotechnology and chemical pharmaceuticals,rely heavily on new discoveries and basic scientific research knowledge.Compared with developed economies,China needs to accumulate scientific knowledge foundations and improve its absorption and transformation capabilities in the long term,in order to stimulate a virtuous interaction between subsequent scientific output and technological innovation.Second,China is more likely to gain technological advantages in the fields that rely on

关 键 词：科学知识 非专利引文 科学技术特征 后发经济体 技术追赶 

分 类 号：F406.3[经济管理—产业经济]