我国创设软件版权侵权“开源抗辩”之质疑——兼评“未来案”和“亿邦案”  

The Infeasibility of Creating an Open Source Defense in Software Copyright Infringement Litigations in China——Also a Commentary on Weilai Case and Yibang Case

作　　者：张韬略[1] Zhang Taolue

机构地区：[1]同济大学法学院

出　　处：《环球法律评论》2024年第2期72-90,共19页Global Law Review

摘　　要：我国版权法缺乏在软件侵权诉讼中支持开源抗辩的具体法律依据。法院在个案中绕开版权法具体规范,直接引用公平、诚信原则支持开源抗辩的做法无法实现更公平、诚信的结果,且损害我国版权法的安定性和软件版权市场的财产秩序。美国规制版权登记欺诈的不当行为抗辩制度与其版权取得重形式主义的历史传统相关,需要多种配套制度支撑且近年在实践中存在难以克服的弊端,不宜作为我国法律移植的对象。以立法方式单独为软件作品设立开源抗辩在抗辩权定性和抗辩事由的规则设计上也存在难以调和的困境。既有的非法演绎作品保护规则已考虑了价值冲突时的利益衡量,有利于维系版权法的安定性和体系性,且对开源传播的负面影响有限,是更理性的制度选择。Open source defense(OSD)means that if a software copyright owner violates an open source license,it loses the right to enforce its copyright in software infringement proceedings based on proprietary code infected by open source code.Different courts in China have adopted very different attitudes toward the question of whether to uphold this defense in their decisions.This article argues that China should not create OSD because China lacks a specific legal basis to support OSD in software infringement litigation.By bypassing the application of specific provisions in the Copyright Law and the Regulations on Computer Software Protection and directly applying the general principles of fairness and good faith to support OSD and determine copyright infringement in individual cases,judicial authorities in China will not achieve the goal of upholding the principles of fairness and good faith but rather undermine the stability of copyright law and property order of software copyright market in the country.From a comparative law perspective,the U.S.inequitable conduct defense system,which originates from the U.S.patent law system and aims at regulating fraud in copyright registration,needs to be supported by various ancillary systems,such as fraud defense in the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure,unclean hands doctrine in common law,and case law involving fraud determination,and is closely related to the formalistic historical tradition that places importance on copyright registration.Since China lacks corresponding systems and legal traditions and the shortcomings of the inequitable conduct defense system have been proved in the U.S.in recent years,it is not appropriate to transplant this system into China.In creating an OSD by legislation for software works alone,China will also face insurmountable difficulties in the design of specific rules.This is because if legislators adhere strictly to the value of good faith,they must create a litigation defense of obstacles to rights and include all types of contractual violations

关 键 词：版权侵权 开源软件 开源抗辩 通用公共许可证 版权登记 演绎作品 

分 类 号：D923.41[政治法律—民商法学]