碳中和背景下气候政治的极化与政策偏好——基于对欧洲政党的考察  

Polarization and Policy Preferences of Climate Politics in the Context of Carbon Neutrality—Based on an Analysis of European Political Parties

作　　者：王聪聪[1] WANG Congcong

机构地区：[1]北京大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《欧洲研究》2024年第1期104-131,I0004,I0005,共30页Chinese Journal of European Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“全球气候治理新变局与欧洲左翼政党新变化研究”(项目批准号:23BKS199)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：由于政党在气候政策的颁布和实施过程中扮演着关键性角色,因而理解西方不同类型的政党对气候议题的政治回应和政策偏好日益重要。本文聚焦政党与气候政策的关系,并以欧洲政党为例,阐释政党在气候变化议题上的政策取向和立场,从而通过分析气候政策中的政党因素来理解西方政党竞争逻辑。随着气候变化议题在欧洲地区的政治化程度及民众关注度不断提升,不同政党家族在气候政治议题上的极化和分歧越发显现。与右翼政党相比,左翼政党通常更重视气候变化议题,致力于气候治理的国际合作和能源转型,在碳减排措施的政策工具偏好方面更侧重国家所发挥的作用。右翼政党则更加强调技术和市场在碳减排中的作用,希望碳减排能带来更多的经济增长机遇,并在能源转型的过程中保障能源安全;右翼民粹主义政党则倾向于表达反环境主义和气候怀疑主义的政治立场。欧洲政党的气候政策偏好受到政治意识形态、政党竞争、国情与自然资源禀赋、民意支持等因素的影响。Political parties in the western countries play an important role in shaping and implementing climate policies.Therefore,it is increasingly important to examine the political response of different parties to the issue of climate change and the variation in their climate policy preferences.This article thus explores different parties’climate policy stance and explains the variation in their preferences,focusing on the relationship between political parties and climate policy in Europe.It contributes to the emerging research on comparative climate politics and party competition on climate change issues.With a high level of politicization and public concern,the climate change agenda in Europe has demonstrated growing partisan polarization,which is especially evident in the polarization and divergences between different party families.Compared with the right-wing parties,the left-wing generally pay more attention to the climate change issues,committing to international cooperation in climate governance and energy transition and supporting government-led emission reduction initiatives.On the contrary,the right-wing parties put more emphasis on the role of technology and market in emission reduction,emphasizing that emission reduction should boost economic growth and ensure energy security in energy transition.The right populist parties usually express anti-environmentalism and climate skepticism.This article concludes that political ideology,party competition,national conditions,natural resources and public support help explain the differences and variation in European parties’climate change policy preference.

关 键 词：气候变化 碳中和 气候政策 绿党 能源转型 

分 类 号：D75[政治法律—政治学] P467[政治法律—中外政治制度]