农村老年人自养秩序何以可能——基于就地养老视角的田野调查  

How to Realize Self-support of the Elderly in Rural Areas:A Field Study from the Perspective of Elderly Care in Place

作　　者：陈璐[1] 桂华 CHEN Lu;GUI Hua

机构地区：[1]武汉大学社会学院

出　　处：《中国农村观察》2024年第2期131-145,共15页China Rural Survey

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“农村社区治理创新问题研究”(编号:22&ZD173)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：农村老年人自养秩序是一种普遍存在的养老模式。既有研究主要从家庭转型和土地保障视角来理解农村老年人自养秩序,缺乏对农村老年人自养秩序的综合性和过程性考察。本文从就地养老的视角出发,建构“地方-社会性老化”的分析框架,基于湖北省沙洋县三坪村的田野调查,阐释农村老年人自养秩序何以可能。本文研究发现:其一,“地方”是农村老年人自养秩序的支持基础,包括经济维度、社会维度和文化维度,分别对应提供生活保障的农业生产、给予非正式支持的熟人关系和生成精神体验的家庭伦理与社区规范。其二,依托“地方”,农村老年人自养秩序呈现为从生产结构、社会结构和家庭结构中渐进式退出的社会性老化过程。农村老年人自养秩序构成一种普遍且具有乡土特色的就地养老类型。鉴于此,积极应对人口老龄化和全面推进乡村振兴应以农村老年人自养秩序为优势基础,为之提供相应的政策支持和资源助力。The self-support of the elderly in rural areas is a common mode of elderly care.The existing studies mainly focus on the rural elderly self-support from the perspective of family transformation and land security,which is short of comprehensive and procedural investigation.From the perspective of elderly care in place,this paper constructs an analytical framework of‘local-social elderly care',and explains why the order of self-supporting of the elderly in rural areas is possible based on the field study in Sanping Village of Shayang County,Hubei Province.The results show that,first,"local area"'is the foundation for the rural elderly self-support,and it includes three dimensions including economy,society,and culture,which correspond to agricultural production that provides livelihood support,acquaintance relationships that provide informal support,and family ethics and community norms to generate spiritual experience.Second,relying on the"local area",the self-supporting of the elderly in rural areas presents a social ageing process of gradual withdrawal from the structures of production,society,and family.The self-support of the elderly in rural areas forms a common type of elderly care in place with local characteristics.In this regard,actively coping with the ageing of the population and comprehensively promoting rural revitalization should take the self-support of the elderly in rural areas as an advantageous basis,and provide corresponding policy support and resources.

关 键 词：农村老年人 自养秩序 就地养老 社会性老化 

分 类 号：F323.89[经济管理—产业经济] C912.82[社会学]