清代沿边藩部的审级变动考察——以乾隆朝准格尔旗为中心  

Research on the Change of the Judicial Hierarchy concerning V assal Tribes alongside the Great Wall in the Qing Dynasty-Centered on Jungar Banner in the Qianlong Period

作　　者：刘维栋 Liu Weidong

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学历史与旅游文化学院,太原市030031

出　　处：《中国边疆史地研究》2024年第1期144-153,216,共11页China's Borderland History and Geography Studies

摘　　要：清前期准格尔旗内部案件的审级为旗、多旗会审、理藩院三级,其中会盟审理与多旗会审并行,乾隆朝多旗会审与会盟审理的形式被盟长审理所取代。对于蒙古与民人交涉案件,清朝通过增设行政建置的方式,形成了神木理事司员、神木同知、托克托通判、地方州县分辖并对应不同审级的司法体系。在乾隆朝理藩院题本所示的司法实践中,神木理事司员在蒙古与民人交涉及蒙旗内部刑事重案中所扮演的角色并不相同,形成了旗(县)、三堂会审、理藩院三层审级。审级的确立与变革,是清朝治理蒙古二元管理体制的突破,也是准格尔旗在司法领域对清代藩部地区政治内地化与一体化趋势的因应。For certain Mongolian case of Jungar banner,it would go through banner trial,multi-banners Joint trial,and Ministry of Minority Affairs trial during the period from Emperor Kangxi to Emperor Y ongzheng,and rally trial and multi-banners trial existed at the same time.Aimag leader trial replaced the rally trial and multi-banners trial in Qianlong period.Many measures had to been taken to cope with the increasing number of cases involving Mongolians and Han people,Shenmu Subprefectural Magistrate,Shenmu Administrator,Tuoketuo Subprefecture,surrounding counties and so on were established or involved in different cases according to different judicial hierarchy respectively.The Shenmu Administrator played different roles in Mongolian-Han crossing cases and Mongolian inner criminal cases,forming three level judicial hierarchy,including Banner(county)trial Shenmu Administrator-jasag-Daoyuan trial,Ministry of Minority Affairs trial.The establishment and reform of the judicial hierarchy showed the breakthrough to the Qing dynasty's binary joint governance to Mongolia.It also reflected the tendency of inland-changing and integration in vassal areas.

关 键 词：乾隆 准格尔旗 司法审判 审级变化 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]