科学还是神话?——再探菲洛劳斯天体系统的定性问题  

Science or Myth?:A Re-examination on the Nature of Philolaus'Astronomical System

作　　者：王怡萌 刘兵 WANG Yi-meng;LIU Bing(School of the History and Culture of Science,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240;Institute of Chinese Medical Literature and Culture,Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jinan 250355;Center for Science Communication and Popularization of CAST and Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学科学史与科学文化研究院,上海200240 [2]山东中医药大学中医文献与文化研究院,济南250355 [3]中国科协-清华大学科技传播与普及研究中心,北京100084

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2024年第2期29-35,共7页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

摘　　要：菲洛劳斯天体系统到底是一个科学系统还是神话系统,是此前的古典学、科学史及哲学史研究者围绕该系统所争论的核心问题之一。学者们之所以对该问题持有不同见解,主要基于对其中两个分问题的不同认识,即中心火和对地的引入到底是基于现象还是理论。经考释,菲洛劳斯设置中心火的根本出发点是“有限-无限”哲学理论,但借此天体也可解释两种重要天文现象。而与既往众多研究者认知相反的是,虽然无法排除其迎合神秘数十的动机,但对地确可有效解释日月食频率差异的现象。若以古希腊天文学史的视角来看,菲洛劳斯系统虽包含哲学与神秘元素,但本质上属于早期希腊天文学系统,而非所谓的神话系统。Whether Philolaus'astronomical system is a scientific or mythical system was one of its central issues debated by previous scholars from disciplines of classics,history of philosophy and history of science.Scholars'different answers towards this question were basically due to the divergent cognitions about the two fabricated bodies inside this system,namely whether the introducing of central fire and counter-earth were based on phenomena or theories.According to the verifications of original texts we can see that,the fundamental reason for Philolaus'setting the central fire should be his limiting-unlimited'philosophical theory;however,it could also help explaining two specific astronomical phenomena.What is contrary to many previous scholars'opinion is that although Philolaus'intention to accord with the mystical number 10 cannot be excluded,the counter-earth could effectively explain the different frequency of solar and lunar eclipses.If we take the perspective of history of ancient Greek astronomy for evaluation,Philolaus'astronomical system essentially belongs to the earlier Greek astronomy,rather than a so-called mythical system.

关 键 词：菲洛劳斯天体系统 古希腊天文学 毕达哥拉斯学派:古典学 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]