“Quantum Supremacy”的语义演变及社会争议性分析  

The Semantic Evolution of Quantum Supremacy and Its Social Controversy Analysis

作　　者：赖明东 雍熙 LAI Ming-dong;YONG Xi(School of Humanities and Media,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211;Information Center of the Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100053,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学人文与传媒学院,宁波315211 [2]水利部信息中心,北京100053

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2024年第2期76-82,共7页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“科学共同体内部争论的公众传播研究”(21BXW114)。

摘　　要：“Quantum Supremacy”一般译为量子霸权,是近几年讨论最多的科技名词之一,后来其被“Quantum Advantage”取代来描述量子计算的进展。究其原因,一方面,“Quantum Supremacy”的语义经历了一些改变,这个概念最初由约翰·普瑞斯基尔发明,指的是量子计算机对经典计算机的巨大超越,接着阿朗·哈罗和约翰·马丁尼斯先后赋予了这个概念更多的含义,最终按照约翰·马丁尼斯的量子霸权标准实现的量子霸权实验引发学界诸多质疑,似乎达不到所谓的巨大超越。另一方面,当“Quantum Supremacy”概念从学术界进入公众视野后也产生不少争议,由于“Supremacy”在大众文化中有“霸权、至高无上”的含义因而容易引发种族和阶级优越性的联想,而且宣称实现“Quantum Supremacy”容易给公众量子计算机将很快大规模应用而经典计算机将过时的暗示,并助长量子炒作。Quantum Supremacy is one of the most discussed technological terms in recent years.Later,it was replaced by"Quantum Advantage"to describe the progress of quantum computing.The reason is that,on the one hand,the semantics of"Quantum Supremacy"have undergone some changes.This concept was originally invented by John Preskill,referring to the enormous transcendence of quantum computers over classical computers.Subsequently,Aram Harrow and John Martinis gave this concept more meaning,and ultimately,the Quantum Supremacy experiment achieved according to John Martinez's standard of quantum supremacy has attracted many doubts in the academic community.It seems that it cannot meet the so-called standard of great transcendence.On the other hand,when the concept of"Quantum Supremacy"entered the public eye from the academic community,there was also a lot of controversy.Due to the meaning of supremacy in popular culture,it is easy to evoke associations of race and class superiority.Moreover,claiming that the implementation of Quantum Supremacy could easily give public the suggestion that quantum computers will soon be widely applied and classical computers will become outdated,and encourage quantum hype.

关 键 词：Quantum Supremacy 量子计算 量子计算机 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]