连续抑或断裂:Revolution概念视角下的科学革命  

Continuity or Break:How to Interpret Revolution in Science through the Historical Conceptualization of Revolution

作　　者：李洋 LI Yang(School of Public Policy and Management,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084;Institute for AI International Governance,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学公共管理学院,北京100084 [2]清华大学人工智能国际治理研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2024年第3期112-118,共7页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“生成式人工智能的责任伦理及治理机制研究”(23CZX058);清华大学文科建设双高计划项目“人工智能治理研究”(2022TSG03303);清华大学自主科研计划课题“全球治理的国际比较研究:议题、机制与成效”(20223080026)。

摘　　要：托马斯·库恩(Thomas Kuhn)将科学革命讨论带入科学家、史学家和哲学家的研究视野。范式转换、不可通约性、科学革命等概念都受到诸多诘难。科学革命论的纷争事实上围绕着一个核心议题展开——如何处理科学发展进程中连续性与断裂性的矛盾。库恩对历史整体性的强调只照顾到它的空间方面,即外史与内史的统一;却忽略了历史整体性的时间方面,即新事物总是成长于旧事物,彻底的科学革命似乎是不可能的。科学革命的合理性进而受到质疑。厘清“Revolution”概念的两重性有助于解析其导致的科学革命含混性,通过重点阐释“科学革命(the Scientific Revolution)”与科学革命(scientific revolutions)的关联,以期重新审视科学场域中革命意义之所在。Thomas Kuhn brought discussions of revolutions in science to the focal point,which drawing attention from scientists,historians,and philosophers.His ideas about paradigm shift,incommensurable,and scientific revolutions has been criticized a lot.The dispute over the theory of scientific revolutions actually revolves around a core issue,that is how to deal with the continuity and the break in revolution of science.Kuhn's emphasis on historical integrity only takes into account its spatial aspect,that is,the unity of external history and internal history.However,he ignored the temporal aspect of historical integrity,cause thorough-going revolutions are just out of the question.This article is trying to analyze the ambiguity of revolution in science caused by Revolution's dual nature,namely continuity and break,especially,influenced by the conceptualization of"Revolution".Then I will explain the relationship between"the Scientific Revolution"and"scientific revolutions",in order to evaluate the significance of revolution in science.

关 键 词：科学革命 革命 命运之轮 断裂 连续 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]