在粤桂之间:论北伐战争前后的李济深  

Striking a Balance Between the Guangdong and the Guangxi Cliques:Li Jishen's Political Maneuvering Preceding and Following the Northern Expedition War

作　　者：沈成飞 Shen Chengfei

机构地区：[1]中山大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《近代史研究》2024年第2期75-91,M0005,共18页Modern Chinese History Studies

摘　　要：李济深生于广西苍梧,在地缘上属桂;他起家于广东军队,在政治上属粤。在北伐前后风云变幻之际,李济深以桂籍粤系军人身份在两广统一、武力北伐、宁汉分合、粤桂纷争、蒋桂冲突与和解等重大事件上发挥了特殊的作用。然而,作为革命根据地的广东一度客军糜集而兵熨不断,排外主义思想应运而生,李济深因身份特殊而地位尴尬。在公开场合他坚持自己的粤系军人身份,积极参与排斥客军,希望获得广东民众的接受;同时又与新桂系关系亲密、深相结纳。李济深借此特殊身份游走于粤桂之间,奠定其权势根基,但又因时局变化一度既失之于粤,又不见重于桂,其在粤之地位最终被粤人取代。其间的曲折起伏既有权势与地盘之争,亦反映近人之地域观念,这对李济深的政治形象起到消极作用。Li Jishen,hailing from Cangwu in Guangxi province,was naturally associated with the Guangxi Clique,yet his career beginnings in the Cantonese army aligned him politically with the Guangdong Clique.During the turbulent era preceding and following the Northern Expedition,Li played a distinct role as a Cantonese officer of Guangxi descent in pivotal events such as the reunification of Guangdong and Guangxi,the Northern Expedition,the split and reunification of the Nanjing and Wuhan governments,the conflicts between the Guangdong and Guangxi Cliques,and the clashes followed by reconciliation between Chiang Kai-shek and the Guangxi Clique.The 1920s saw Guangdong emerge as a revolutionary hub attracting troops from across China,leading to recurrent wars and tensions that fueled xenophobic sentiments among the local populace.In this challenging environment,Li navigated a delicate position.Publicly affirming his Cantonese military background,he championed the expulsion of non-Guangdong forces to gain acceptance among the people.Simultaneously,he maintained close ties with key figures of the Guangxi Clique.His dual identity allowed him to straddle the Guangxi and Guangdong Cliques,establishing his political influence.However,evolving circumstances led to his marginalization by both cliques,culminating in his replacement by a local figure within the Guangdong Clique.The interplay of Li's dual identity and shifting political fortunes underscored power struggles and regional biases among influential figures,ultimately tarnishing his image in Guangdong.

关 键 词：李济深 蒋介石 新桂系 北伐战争 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学]