慰人或娱魂:青海地区吐蕃属墓葬壁画与棺板画“夫妇宴坐图”再探  

A new investigation into the"husband and wife banquet seating"motif of the Tubo period in Qinghai

作　　者：杨瑾 YANG Jin

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学历史文化学院,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《中原文物》2024年第2期129-137,共9页Cultural Relics of Central China

基　　金：陕西师范大学“一带一路”专项科研项目一般项目“全球史视域下北朝至隋唐墓葬披袍形象研究”(22YDYLZ007)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：青海地区吐蕃属墓葬壁画与棺板画受到学界长久关注,墓主族属及图像功能、结构、渊源和价值意义等方面均有研究,但对“夫妇宴坐图”探讨较少。该图像作为棺板画格套化叙事图景的中心,是理解整个图像慰人或娱魂功能的关键,渊源上带有北魏鲜卑系墓葬壁画和北朝粟特贵族墓葬石刻图像夫妇对坐图遗风,依稀可见希腊罗马依榻饮酒主题及中亚粟特王公贵族或神祇夫妇宴坐图格调。至唐,该图像已不见于中原地区墓葬,却出现于吐蕃属墓葬,说明唐代青藏地区在多民族交往交流交融过程中的独特地位与价值意义,以及吐蕃、吐谷浑等在融入中华民族共同体过程中身份的构建与文化的认同。The murals and coffin paintings of the Tubo period in Qinghai have long been the focus of scholarly attention.Scholars have extensively discussed the ethnic identity of the tomb owners,as well as the functions,structures,origins,and cultural significance of the images as a whole.Some scholars have chosen to analyze specific images,but relatively few have separately discussed the"husband and wife banquet seating"motif.The"husband and wife banquet seating"motif occupies a central position in the narrative scenes,serving as a key to understanding the entire image and guiding viewers to explore the broad cultural context behind the picture.Its origins can be traced back to the tradition of husband and wife seating in murals of the Northern Wei Xianbei tombs,stone carving images in the Northern Dynasties of the Su-Turk nobility tombs,and even themes of reclining and drinking in Greek and Roman cultures,as well as the banquet scenes of Su-Turk nobles or deities in Central Asia.Of particular interest is the fact that both male and female tomb owners are depicted wearing robes or only male or female robe images,demonstrating a complex network of multicultural interactions.By the Tang Dynasty,the"husband and wife banquet seating"motif had disappeared from tombs in the Central Plains but appeared in Tubo-period tombs,reflecting the unique scene of multicultural exchanges and integration in the Qinghai-Tibet region during the Tang Dynasty,especially the process of identity construction and cultural identity integration during the integration of Tubo and Tuyuhun into the Han Chinese community.

关 键 词：棺板画与壁画 吐蕃 吐谷浑 夫妇宴坐图 女性形象 

分 类 号：K879.4[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]