合作社办企业的逻辑——基于成员异质性视角的多案例分析  

The Logic of Cooperatives Running Enterprises:A Multi-Case Analysis from the Perspective of Membership Heterogeneity

作　　者：钟真[1] 戴娆 蒋维扬 ZHONG Zhen;DAI Rao;JIANG Weiyang

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院

出　　处：《中国农村经济》2024年第4期163-184,共22页Chinese Rural Economy

基　　金：中国人民大学中央高校建设世界一流大学(学科)和特色发展引导专项资金项目“新时代合作经济组织发展与中国式农业农村现代化案例研究”(项目号:23XNO002);国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于所有者与惠顾者同一性程度的中国农民合作社演化机理与政策设计研究”(项目号:72073135);中国人民大学研究生科学研究基金项目“合作社小农带动作用与中国农业经济增长:政策效应与机制探究”(项目号:23XNH101)的资助。

摘　　要：本文基于来自吉林省、四川省、宁夏回族自治区和山东省的4个典型案例,从成员异质性角度探究了合作社办企业的驱动因素、模式选择和效果差异。结果表明:合作社和企业是两种农业产业组织形式,,“双剑合璧”比“单打独斗”更有效。成员的异质性程度决定了合作社办企业的具体模式,成员异质性低的合作社通常由全体社员共同投资社内公共物品,全体社员办企业有利于赋予社员产权激励,促进合作社的专用性资产投资;成员异质性高的合作社通常由核心社员投资社内公共物品,核心社员办企业有利于对投资者进行产权激励。两种合作社办企业模式均能提升普通农户的福利,但是,核心社员办企业的模式可能使合作社的治理结构发生明显的“企业化”漂移。本文的发现对合作社创新能力提升与治理结构优化均具有重要政策含义。Based on four typical cases from Jilin,Sichuan,Ningxia,and Shandong,this paper explores the driving factors,pattem choices,and heterogeneous effects of cooperative-owned enterprises from the perspective of member heterogeneity.The results are as the follows.(1)Cooperatives and enterprises are two forms of agricultural industry organization,and the combination of cooperatives and enterprises is more efficient than any single one of them.(2)The extent of membership heterogeneity determines the specific mode of cooperatives running enterprises.Cooperatives with low heterogeneity of members usually invest in public goods in the cooperatives by all members,and all members running enterprises are conducive to providing members with property rights incentives and promoting the investment of special assets of cooperatives.In contrast,cooperatives with high heterogeneity of members are usually experience core members undertaking collective specific asset investment,and enterprises run by core members are conducive to property rights incentives for investors.(3)Both patterns of cooperative-owned enterprises enhance the welfare of ordinary rural households,but the pattern of core members-owned enterprise may lead to a significant“entrepreneurial”drift in the cooperative's govermance structure.These findings have important policy implications for optimizing the organizational.innovation and governance structure of farmers'cooperatives.

关 键 词：合作社办企业 成员异质性 农户增收 治理结构 

分 类 号：F306.4[经济管理—产业经济]