“提低”目标下农村低保制度的捆绑效应与优化路径分析  

The Binding Effect and Optimization Path of Rural Dibao Program with the Goal of“Increasing the Lower Bound”

作　　者：宋扬[1,2] 程泽睿 SONG Yang;CHENG Zerui

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学经济学院 [2]中国人民大学共同富裕研究院

出　　处：《中国农村经济》2024年第3期22-41,共20页Chinese Rural Economy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“生命周期视角下最低生活保障制度的全面影响与改革路径研究”(编号:18CJL049);国家社会科学基金重点项目“人的全面发展的理论内涵与实现路径研究”(编号:22AZD114);国家社会科学基金重大项目“强化就业优先政策、稳定和扩大就业研究”(编号:21ZDA098)的支持。

摘　　要：低保制度作为中国社会救助体系中兜底性的核心制度安排,在实践中捆绑了大量的救助资源,这导致低保对象和其他低收入群体间的收入差距出现扩大的趋势,不利于增强“提低”效果和推动共同富裕。本文基于中国家庭追踪调查和中国家庭金融调查的样本数据,运用模糊断点回归的方法实证检验了不同时期农村低保制度的捆绑效应,并进行了政策模拟分析。结果发现,低保捆绑效应在脱贫攻坚时期不断放大,低保家庭获得的专项救助远高于其他低收入家庭,其中在危房改造、医疗健康和教育补助方面的差异尤为明显。进一步政策模拟发现,将低保捆绑的其他社会救助全部或部分转移至其他低收入群体,可以在不增加财政负担的前提下,缩小低收入群体内部的收入差距,提升社会救助的有效性。因此,本文建议打破低保的捆绑效应,更好地发挥社会救助的“提低”作用。As the core institutional arrangement at the bottom of China’s social assistance system,Dibao(Minimum Living Standard Guarantee)program has tied up a large number of assistance resources in practice,resulting in a widening welfare gap between Dibao recipients and other low-income groups,which poses challenges to enhance the effect of“increasing the lower bound”and promote common prosperity.Based on the sample data from CFPS and CHFS,this paper empirically examines the bundling effect of rural Dibao program in different periods by employing the Fuzzy RD method,and conducts a policy simulation analysis.The results show that the welfare bundling effect of rural Dibao program is continuously strengthened during the sample period,and the special assistance entitled to Dibao recipients is much higher than that to other comparable low-income families,especially regarding the renovation of dilapidated houses and medical and education subsidies.Through further policy simulation,we find that by transferring the bundled assistance to other low-income families,the income gap within low-income people can be narrowed and the effectiveness of the social assistance system can be improved without increasing the fiscal burden.Therefore,this paper proposes to break the bundling effect of rural Dibao program,turn the welfare“cliff”into a“gentle slope”,and improve the effect of social assistance.

关 键 词：共同富裕 低收入群体 社会救助体系 低保捆绑效应 

分 类 号：F328[经济管理—产业经济]