安全竞争格局下的基层执法及其生态优化  

Grass-roots Law Enforcement and Its Ecological Optimization under the Security Competition Pattern

作　　者：邓豪 DENG Hao

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院

出　　处：《法学研究》2024年第2期55-72,共18页Chinese Journal of Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“习近平法治思想的实践伟力及其创新机制研究”(22&ZD199)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在中央高度强调统筹发展和安全的政策导向下,地方政府对安全议题的重视程度不断提高。在避责和竞优的双重逻辑支配下,地方政府围绕保障安全这一治理目标展开竞争的趋势日益显著。安全竞争改变了基层执法所处的科层生态,从执法资源、执法组织、执法技术、执法目标四个维度形塑着基层执法。这种形塑效应覆盖了执法活动从决策形成到正式开展的各个阶段。安全竞争格局下,科层执行效能衰减导致的执法不严问题被抑制,但在高强度竞争的阶段或领域,可能出现执法资源分配效率降低、执法组织协作机制失灵、执法技术难以发挥作用、执法目标偏离预设标准等执法偏差问题。安全竞争格局下的执法偏差,根本上是由竞争环境的生态失衡导致的,要避免或矫正执法偏差,需从健全安全风险全过程治理机制、调适惩罚和激励机制的强度、优化执法资源的配置结构等方面入手,对执法生态进行改良和优化。Under the policy guidance of the Central Government,which highly emphasizes coordinated development and security,local governments are increasingly prioritizing security issues.Under the dual logic of evading responsibility and striving for superiority,the competition among local governments in a-chieving governance goals related to ensuring safety has become an emerging trend that transforms the bureaucratic ecosystem of grassroots law enforcement across four dimensions,i.e.,law enforcement re-sources,organizations,technology,and goals.Such transformation encompasses all stages of law en-forcement activities from decision-making to formal implementation.While this competitive pattern sup-presses slack law enforcement resulting from the efficiency deterioration within the bureaucracy,it may lead to,at stages or in fields of high-intensity competition,reduced efficiency in allocating law enforce-ment resources,failed coordination mechanisms within law enforcement organizations,compromised functionality of law enforcement technology,and deviations from expected standards in enforcing laws.These deviations are fundamentally caused by an ecological imbalance within the competitive environ-ment shaped by security competition.To prevent or rectify such deviations in law enforcement practices,it becomes imperative to enhance the entire process of security risk governance mechanisms,adjust pun-ishment intensity and incentive mechanisms,and optimize resource allocation within the law enforcement ecosystem through structural improvements.

关 键 词：基层执法 执法偏差 安全竞争 高质量发展 总体国家安全观 

分 类 号：D631[政治法律—政治学] D922.1[政治法律—中外政治制度]