货币返还请求权规则的重构  

Reconstruction of the Rule of Claim for Return of Money

作　　者：马强 MA Qiang

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学凯原法学院

出　　处：《法学研究》2024年第2期73-93,共21页Chinese Journal of Law

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第73批面上资助“数字货币私法规范的体系构造”(2023M732202)的阶段性成果;2023年度国家资助博士后研究人员计划(B档)(GZB2023404)资助。

摘　　要：货币“占有即所有”法理是对比较法上少数说的残缺继受,应彻底摒弃。货币返还请求权规则应围绕货币作为一般等价物和具有高度流通性的可替代物予以重构。存款货币虽表现为对银行的债权,但在交易中其执行货币功能,本质上也属于货币。对于现金货币与存款货币,都应适用具有物法性效力的“货币返还请求权”。在货币混合时,应成立按份共有,货币权利人可请求分割。货币返还请求权可以等额其他货币履行。在发生货币兑换时,货币权利人的返还请求权不会降格为不当得利请求权,而是可以借助价值返还请求权理论,在兑换后的等额其他货币上延续。在以他人货币取得新物时,取得之物或权利应作为代位物继续纳入货币权利人返还请求权的范围之内。The proposition that "the possessor of money is the right holder"is a partial acceptance of the minority view of comparative law and should be completely abandoned.The rules of the claim for the return of money should be based on the understanding that money is a universal equivalent and a highly negotiable and fungible property.Although deposit money is presented as a claim against a bank,it performs the function of money in transactions and therefore is also money in essence.The right of"claim for return of money",which has the property law effect,is applicable to both cash and deposit money.When the money is mixed,divided co-ownership should be established and the money holder can request partition.The claim for the return of money can be fulflled by the payment of another money in an amount of equal value.When the money is exchanged,the money holder's right of claim for the return of money will not be reduced to restitution of enrichment,but can be continued on the exchanged money basing on the theory of claim for return of the money's value.When buying new things with other people's money,the new things can be regarded as a substitute and continue to be covered by the scope of the money holder's right of claim for the return of money.

关 键 词：现金货币 存款货币 货币返还请求权 价值返还请求权 物上代位 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学] D912.28[政治法律—法学]