英国中东战略与阿拉伯国家联盟的成立  

British Strategy towards the Middle East and the Establishment of the League of Arab States

作　　者：何志龙[1] 黄心怡 Zhilong He;Xinyi Huang

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学历史文化学院,西安710119

出　　处：《世界民族》2024年第2期88-101,共14页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“中东现代民族和国家构建的多维比较研究(多卷本)”(批准号:20&ZD240)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：英国基于阻止域外大国向阿拉伯国家渗透和得到阿拉伯国家在战时的合作与支持,以及维护战后在中东的战略利益,两度公开倡导阿拉伯国家成立联盟,并采取具体推进措施为联盟成立扫平道路。英国对伊拉克首相努里积极推动的大叙利亚与伊拉克联盟方案间接否定,对沙特国王伊本·沙特主张由英国主导成立联盟的建议婉言谢绝,积极支持埃及首相纳哈斯领导协调已独立的所有阿拉伯国家成立联盟。英国通过倡导阿拉伯国家成立联盟,加强阿拉伯国家之间的团结合作,同时也杜绝阿拉伯国家走向完全统一的可能;建立阿拉伯国家之间解决矛盾争端的机制,既避免英国调解阿拉伯国家之间纷争的困境,也防止外部大国干涉渗透的可能;明确了阿拉伯国家共同解决巴勒斯坦问题的责任,从而也摆脱了英国单独解决的政策风险。英国在满足阿拉伯国家加强团结夙愿的同时,谋划了战后的中东战略布局。In order to prevent the infiltration of non-regional powers into Arab countries and to obtain cooperation and support from Arab states during the war,as well as to maintain its strategic interests in the Middle East after the war,Britain twice advocated openly the founding of an Arab alliance and took specific measures to pave the way for its establishment.Britain indirectly rejected the proposal of a Greater Syria-Iraq Alliance actively promoted by the Iraqi Prime Minister Nuri,and politely declined the idea proposed by King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia to form an alliance led by the United Kingdom of Great Britain,but actively supported the Egyptian Prime Minister Nahas to lead the coordination of all independent Arab states to form a league.By advocating the establishment of an alliance of Arab countries,Britain strengthened solidarity and cooperation among Arab states,and at the same time eliminated the possibility of a complete unification of the Arab world.The establishment of a mechanism to resolve conflicts and disputes among Arab states would not only avoid the dilemma of British mediation between Arab states,but also prevent the possibility of interference and infiltration by external powers.It also clarified the responsibilities of Arab states to solve the Palestinian issue together,thereby freeing Britain from the policy risks of addressing it alone.In such a way,Britain planned its strategic layout in the Middle East after the war while meeting the long-cherished wish of Arab countries to strengthen unity.

关 键 词：英国 阿拉伯国家联盟 埃及 伊拉克 沙特阿拉伯 

分 类 号：D562[政治法律—政治学]