中国数据要素规模估计与结构分析——基于信息价值链的视角  

A Scale Estimation and Structural Analysis of China's Data Factor:From the Perspective of Information Value Chain

作　　者：徐翔[1] 田晓轩 厉克奥博 陈斌开[1] XU Xiang;TIAN Xiao-xuan;LIKE Ao-bo;CHEN Bin-kai(Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing 102206;Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学经济学院,北京102206 [2]清华大学社会科学学院,北京100084 [3]清华大学中国经济思想与实践研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《当代财经》2024年第4期3-16,共14页Contemporary Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“数字经济高质量发展的创新与治理协同互促机制研究”(22&ZD070);北京市社会科学基金项目“北京数字经济与实体经济深度融合研究”(23JCC085)。

摘　　要：数据是数字经济时代的关键生产要素。对数据要素规模及其收入分配进行估计与分析,有助于正确理解当前我国的数字经济发展水平,为相关研究提供数据基础。现有研究大多重视数据要素的生产成本或市场价值,缺乏基于信息价值链视角构建的、充分考虑数据价值形成与释放全过程的估计方法。通过改良现有估计方法并对2012—2019年各省份数据要素投资进行测算的结果表明,2019年中国的数据要素投资达到2.05万亿元,较2012年的8712亿元扩大1.35倍,年均增速达13.02%;中国数据要素投资表现出显著的区域不均等特征,将可能导致各省份数据要素存量差距不断拉大,不利于数字经济高质量发展。以上结果充分说明,数据要素在经济增长与初次收入分配中的重要性均不断提升,相关基础制度与政策措施应尽快落地。Data is a key production factor in the digital economy era.Estimating and analyzing the scale of data elements and their income distribution can help to correctly understand the current level of digital economy development in China and provide a data foundation for the related researches.The existing researches mostly focus on the production cost or market value of data elements,lacking estimation methods constructed from the perspective of the information value chain that fully consider the entire process of data value formation and release.Through improving the existing estimation methods,this paper conducts a calculation of the data element investment in various provinces from 2012 to 2019.The results show that China's data element investment reached 2.05 trillion yuan in 2019,an increase of 1.35 times from 871.2 billion yuan in 2012,with an average annual growth rate of 13.02%.China's investment in data elements exhibits such significant characteristics as regional inequality,etc.,which may lead to a widening gap in the stock of data elements among the provinces;that is not conducive to the high-quality development of the digital economy.The above results fully demonstrate that the importance of data elements in economic growth and initial income distribution is constantly increasing,and the relevant basic systems and policy measures should be implemented as soon as possible.

关 键 词：数据要素 就业人员工资 固定资产投资 收入分配 

分 类 号：F061.2[经济管理—政治经济学]