财政“省直管县”改革对“经济-粮食”空间偏差的影响  

The Impact of the Fiscal Reform of “Province-Managing-County” on the Spatial Deviation of “Economy-Grain”

作　　者：何强 韦锋 漆雁斌 HE Qiang;WEI Feng;QI Yan-bin(Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学经济学院,四川成都611130

出　　处：《当代财经》2024年第4期44-57,共14页Contemporary Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“长江上游生态大保护政策可持续性与机制构建研究”(20&ZD095);国家社会科学基金青年项目“长江上游地区农业绿色发展绩效跟踪评估及提升路径研究”(22CJY046)。

摘　　要：粮食安全和经济发展是国家安全的重要基础和保障,但“经济-粮食”空间偏差(即关系不协调)不仅会延缓我国建设农业强国的战略步伐,而且会阻碍我国经济高质量发展。为此,利用2000—2020年我国1864个县级面板数据,研究了财政“省直管县”改革对县域“经济-粮食”空间偏差的影响以及内在机制。结果表明:财政“省直管县”改革在一定程度上会加大“经济-粮食”空间偏差,即财政“省直管县”改革会加大粮食生产与经济发展的不协调程度。机制分析发现,“经济-粮食”空间偏差的加大是因为财政分权程度和非农经济发展水平的提高,以及农业市场活力的下降。异质性分析发现,相较于其他地区,财政“省直管县”改革对中西部地区和集中连片特困地区“经济-粮食”空间偏差的影响最大;在不受粮食生产责任政策的约束下,财政“省直管县”改革的政策效应以经济增长为主。因此,需要优化财政“省直管县”改革实施模式,扭转县级政府“离粮”发展倾向;建立粮食安全与晋升激励的衔接机制,修正县级政府“趋经济、离粮食”的导向;完善利益补偿机制,纾解产粮大县财政压力;构建改革县的财权监督机制,严控财政资源支出方向。Food security and economic development are important foundations and guarantees for national security,but the spatial deviation of“economy-grain”,i.e.,the uncoordinated relationship,will not only delay the strategic pace of building China into an agricultural power,but also hinder the high-quality development of China's economy.Therefore,by making use of the panel data from 1864county-level governments in China from 2000 to 2020,this paper studies the impact and the internal mechanism of the fiscal reform of“province-managing-county”(PMC) on the spatial deviation of“economy-grain”(SDEG).The findings show that the fiscal reform of“province-managing-county”will to a certain degree intensify the spatial deviation of“economy-grain”,i.e.,it will result in the deepening of the discordant degree between grain production and economic development.The mechanism analysis indicates that the intensification of SDEG is caused by the increase in fiscal decentralization and the level of non agricultural economic development,as well as the decline in agricultural market vitality.The heterogeneity analysis reveals that compared to other regions,the fiscal PMC reform has the greatest impact on the SDEG in the central and western regions and the concentrated and contiguous poverty-stricken areas;when without being constrained by the responsibility for grain production,the policy effect of the fiscal reform of PMC should be mainly focused on economic growth.Therefore,it is necessary to optimize the implementation mode of the fiscal reform of PMC,and reverse the non-grain development tendency of the county-level governments;to establish a linkage mechanism between food security and promotion incentives,and revise the guidance of county-level officials towards“ moving towards the economy and away from grain”;to improve the mechanism of interest compensation,and relieve the financial pressure in major grain producing counties;and to reform the financial supervision mechanism in the counties,and strictly control t

关 键 词：财政分权 财政“省直管县”改革 “经济-粮食”空间偏差 粮食安全 

分 类 号：F812.2[经济管理—财政学]