2021—2022年我国鸡马立克病的流行病学调查  

Epidemiological investigation of Marek's disease in chicken farms from 2021 to 2022

作　　者：丁天 吴少鹏 熊敏 蒲兴 王顷森 许默儒 邵红霞 钱琨[1,3,4] 叶建强 党海斌[2] 秦爱建 DING Tian;WU Shaopeng;XIONG Min;PU Xing;WANG Qingsen;XU Moru;SHAO Hongxia;QIAN Kun;YE Jianqiang;DANG Haibin;QIN Aijan(Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine,Ministry of Education/Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China;Nanchang Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health Co.Ltd.,Nanchang 330000,China;Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses,Yangzhou 225009,China;Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture&Agri-Product Safety,Ministry of Education,Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学教育部禽类预防医学重点实验室,江苏扬州225009 [2]南昌勃林格格翰动物保健有限公司,江西南昌330000 [3]江苏高校动物重要疫病与人兽共患病防控协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009 [4]教育部农业与农产品安全国际合作联合实验室,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《中国兽医科学》2024年第3期344-349,共6页Chinese Veterinary Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFE0106100);国家自然科学基金项目(31972717);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目。

摘　　要：为了解我国规模化养殖场中马立克病病毒(Marek’s disease virus,MDV)的感染和免疫状态,采用四重TaqMan探针荧光定量PCR对采自我国11个省(自治区、直辖市)的19个养殖企业的94个鸡群的羽毛囊和环境样本进行MDV疫苗毒和野毒检测。结果显示,大部分养殖场存在野毒感染,其中山东地区样本平均阳性率较高为13.6%。不同省市白羽肉鸡、黄羽肉鸡和蛋鸡样本的野毒平均阳性率分别为8.3%、3.9%和7.2%。在不同日龄蛋鸡样本中,1~7、8~14和50~80日龄野毒阳性率较高,分别为12.6%、13.8%和14.3%。此外,单独免疫CVI988疫苗或以火鸡疱疹病毒(HVT)为载体的基因工程重组疫苗(rHVT)以及同时免疫这两种疫苗,均能降低MDV野毒的阳性率,且同时免疫两种疫苗鸡群的野毒阳性率最低。对不同免疫方式下疫苗在羽毛囊中复制情况的检测结果显示,在3~4周龄时,单独免疫CVI988疫苗的平均阳性率为91.4%,单独免疫rHVT疫苗的平均阳性率为58.2%,同时免疫两种疫苗时,CVI988疫苗和rHVT疫苗的平均阳性率分别为51.8%和36.9%,提示鸡场应切实做好马立克病的防控工作。本研究丰富了对MDV感染现状的新认识,为我国未来马立克病的防控提供了指导。In order to understand the infection and immune status of Marek's disease virus(MDV)in large-scale chicken farms in China,94 chicken flocks and environmental samples collected from 19 farms in11 provinces were detected for MDV vaccine and wild virus by quadruplex real-time PCR assay. The results showed that most farms were infected with wild virus,and average positive rate was higher up to 13.6% in Shandong region.The average positive rates of wild virus in samples of white feather broilers, yellow feather broilers,and laying hens from different provinces were 8.3%,3.9%,and 7.2%,respectively.The positive rates of wild virus were higher for laying hens at 1—7 days old,8—14 days old,and 50—80 days old,with 12.6%,13.8%,and 14.3%,respectively.In addition,chicken immunized with the CVI988 vaccine or/and genetic engineering recombinant vaccine r HVT could decrease the positive rate of MDV wild virus,and the wild virus positive rate of chickens immunized with both vaccines was the lowest.The replication of vaccines in feather pouches under different immunization methods showed that the average positive rate of single immunization with CVI988 vaccine was 91.4% at 3—4 weeks of age,and the average positive rate of single immunization with r HVT vaccine was 58.2%.When immunized with both vaccines simultaneously,the average positive rates were 51.8% and 36.9% for CVI988 vaccine and r HVT vaccine,respectively,indicating that chicken farms should effectively carry out M arek's disease prevention.This study enriches the new understanding of the current situation of MDV infection and provides guidance for the prevention and control of Marek's disease in China in the future.

关 键 词：马立克病 流行病学调查 四重荧光定量PCR 

分 类 号：S852.659.1[农业科学—基础兽医学]