试论奥斯曼帝国走向一战之路  

On the Involvement of Ottoman Empire in the Great War

作　　者：卢宇嘉 昝涛[1] Lu Yujia;Zan Tao

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系

出　　处：《军事历史》2024年第1期25-36,M0003,共13页Military History

摘　　要：奥斯曼帝国卷入一战,是这场战争蔓延成为世界大战的重要标志,开启了一战主战场之一的中东战场。这一关乎奥斯曼帝国存亡的决定,在过往的研究中被当作执政三巨头,尤其是恩维尔帕夏错误至极的一意孤行。事实上,奥斯曼帝国加入同盟国一方,不仅是奥斯曼精英在民众普遍支持下所做出的集体决策,而且是当时环境下面临被瓜分的“西亚病夫”不得已的选择。此外,加入同盟国一方并不意味着参加战争,虽然奥斯曼帝国一直渴望与德国结盟,但是加入战争却是不情不愿的。帝国执政者们一直拖延参战,以尽可能地为本国谋求最大利益。直到德土同盟濒临破裂之际,奥斯曼帝国无奈之下才最终走上了战争的不归路。The Ottoman Empire's participation in World War I signified the escalation to a world war,and ignited the Middle East as one of the main battlefields.This fatal decision to the empire has been regarded in previous studies as a willful misconduct by the ruling triumvirate,especially Enver Pasha.In fact,the joining of the Ottoman Empire on the side of the Central Powers was not only a collective decision made by the Ottoman elites with the general support of the public,but also the choice of the"sick man of Europe"facing partition at the time.Moreover,joining the Central Powers did not mean joining the war,which the Ottoman Empire was reluctant to do despite its expectation to ally with Germany.The imperial rulers delayed entering the war to achieve the greatest possible benefit for their country.Until the German-Turkish alliance was on the verge of breaking down,the Ottoman Empire was helpless and finally embarked on the irreversible road of war.

关 键 词：奥斯曼帝国 德国 第一次世界大战 中东 

分 类 号：K374.3[历史地理—历史学]