美国就业不确定性、人力资本跨境迁移与中国企业创新  

Job Uncertainty in the U.S.,Human Capital Cross‑Border Migration and Chinese Firms’Innovation

作　　者：王嘉鑫 刘雪娜 孔东民[2,3] WANG Jia-xin;LIU Xue-na;KONG Dong-min(School of Accounting,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan,Hubei,430073,China;School of Finance,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan,Hubei,430073,China;School of Economics,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,Hubei,430074,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学会计学院,湖北武汉430073 [2]中南财经政法大学金融学院,湖北武汉430073 [3]华中科技大学经济学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《经济管理》2024年第3期108-127,共20页Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“美国稳就业、理工科人才跨境迁移与中国企业创新”(72102229);中南财经政法大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金“复杂供应链网络韧性、多源信息预警与企业危机应对——基于‘会计+人工智能’的实践”(2722022BY014)。

摘　　要：传统的中美跨市场研究多关注贸易政策,较少关注美国就业政策变化对中国企业创新的影响,而研究这一问题对扩大国际人才引进和攻克技术“卡脖子”难题具有重要意义。为此,本文运用文本分析法测度美国就业不确定性指标,基于2009—2018年沪深A股非金融类上市公司样本,考察美国就业不确定性对中国企业创新的影响及其作用机制。研究发现:美国就业不确定性会显著促进我国企业创新,且该结论在经过内生性检验、排除国内政策干扰、指标有效性检验等稳健性检验后依然成立。机制检验发现,美国就业不确定性的增加主要通过要素集聚和知识溢出两个渠道影响中国企业创新。此外,对于东中部地区、行业劳动密集度高、员工关爱度高的企业,美国就业不确定性的创新增进效应更加明显。以上结论表明,美国就业不确定性为中国企业创新释放了显著的“人才红利”,这为中国企业在创新领域吸引和利用海外人才提供了重要机遇。本文不仅丰富了“劳动与财务”交叉领域研究,并为人口老龄化大环境下扩大国际人才引进、推动创新驱动发展提供启示。Under the impact of multiple factors such as“anti-globalization”and the“priority of local employment”,the U.S.government has implemented a series of visa and green card policy adjustments for foreign workers to ensure the priority of local employment,which has greatly increased the threshold and difficulty of employment in the U.S.,making the uncertainty faced by foreign workers in employment in the U.S.increases.In this context,along with the increasing uncertainty of foreign workers’employment in the U.S.,there is still a lack of academic research on whether this will create a positive external environment for the quality upgrade of China’s innovation,through which transmission paths it will affect Chinese enterprises’innovation,and what impact the above effects will have on China’s economic development.The contribution of this paper is mainly reflected in the following aspects:First,this paper provides a new dimension to the research related to the drivers of corporate innovation from the perspective of cross-border migration of human capital.Existing studies have mostly focused on the impact of factors such as credit resources,corporate governance,and industrial policy on corporate innovation,but neglect the role of talent.This paper breaks through this limitation and explores the impact of cross-border migration of human capital on Chinese firms’innovation under the uncertainty of the U.S.job market.This new perspective contributes to a deeper understanding of the talent-driven nature of corporate innovation.Second,from the perspective of corporate innovation,this paper explores the consequences of international talent mobility.Unlike previous studies focusing on the role of returnees in improving corporate governance and business performance,this paper concentrates on how international talent mobility affects firms’innovation capability and innovation process.It not only provides a new perspective for understanding the complex economic effects of international talent mobility,but also pr

关 键 词：美国就业不确定性 人力资本跨境迁移 企业创新 要素集聚 知识溢出 

分 类 号：F230[经济管理—会计学]