抗战胜利后北京大学的复员接收与院系增设  

Peking University's Demobilized Reception and Department Addition after the War of Resistance

作　　者：严海建 Yan Haijian

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学历史学系

出　　处：《抗日战争研究》2024年第1期61-75,M0004,共16页Studies of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression

基　　金：江苏省第六期“333高层次人才培养工程”资助研究的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：抗战胜利后,北京大学复员的同时,通过接收伪北大及整合原北平大学的学科资源,在原有文、理、法三院的基础上增设农、工、医三院,变成名副其实的综合性大学。南京国民政府时期,社会需求与政府导向的双重驱动,使得大学的学科设置越来越强调实用性和综合性。全面抗战时期,北京大学在学术与学科发展上的危机意识日趋明显,改变蔡元培时代奠定的注重文理基础学科的传统,在原有学科的基础上增设农、工、医等实用学科,成为校内的普遍共识。与北大渊源深厚的朱家骅重掌教育部,在政策、经费上给予北京大学充分支持,使其能够通过复员和接收奠定改制的基础。大学学科设置的变化,一方面是时代趋向、社会需求、政府导向及大学理念变化的结果,另一方面其具体的实现又与时势变动、人事更新等因素高度相关。After the victory of the War of Resistance,while being demobilized,through the reception of the puppet Peking University and integration of the discipline resources of the former Peiping University,and with the addition of Agriculture College,Engineering College and Medical College on the basis of the original three colleges of Literature,Science and Law,Peking University became a veritable comprehensive university.During the period of Nanjing Nationalist government,the dual drive of social demand and government orientation made the subject setting of the universities put more and more emphasis on practicality and comprehensiveness.During the Total War of Resistance,the crisis consciousness of Peking University in the academic and disciplinary development became more and more obvious,which changed the tradition of focusing on the basic disciplines of liberal arts and science in the era of Cai Yuanpei,and added the practical disciplines of agriculture,engineering and medicine on the basis of the original disciplines.This had become the general consensus in the University.Zhu Jiahua,who had a deep relationship with Peking University,regained the charge of the Ministry of Education and gave full support to Peking University in terms of policies and funds,helping the University lay the foundation for restructuring through demobilization and reception.On the one hand,the change of university discipline setting was the result of the trend of the times,social demand,government orientation and university concept;on the other hand,its specific realization was highly related to the change of current situation,personnel update and other factors.

关 键 词：北京大学 抗战复员 朱家骅 傅斯年 院系增设 

分 类 号：K265[历史地理—历史学]