中国进口价格变化的特征、影响与应对  

Characteristics and Impacts of China's Import Price ChangesSand Countermeasures

作　　者：魏浩[1] 周亚如 Wei Hao;Zhou Yaru

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学经济与工商管理学院

出　　处：《国际经济评论》2024年第2期120-150,7,共32页International Economic Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“积极扩大进口对加快构建新发展格局的影响与对策研究”(项目编号:23ZDA050)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：保持进口价格稳定、提高进口定价权是建设贸易强国、增加贸易利益、推动国内经济稳定发展的关键。进口价格偏高、上涨趋势较强、波动幅度较大是长期以来中国进口价格变化的主要特征。国际市场产品供需不平衡、进口产品质量变动、进出口国的贸易政策变化、国际产品定价机制差异以及中国进口定价权缺失等问题是导致中国进口价格变化的主要原因,高价优质产品的进口有助于中国经济高质量发展,但是,进口价格波动幅度较大以及上涨超势较强等也会加剧国内经济不稳定、增大企业经营压力和加大输入型通货膨胀风险。因此,中国应着力实施进口市场多元化战略,强化与进口来源地贸易合作关系,提升人民币跨境结算与计价能力,推行中国的商品期货综合指数,降低重点产品的对外依赖程度,建立重点行业联合采购联盟。Maintaining stable import prices and increasing import pricing power are the keys to building a strong trading country,increasing trade benefits,and promoting stable development of the domestic economy.High import prices,strong upward trends and large fluctuations are the main characteristics of China's import price changes over the long term.The imbalance between supply and demand of products in the international market,changes in the quality of imported products,changes in the trade policies of importing and exporting countries,differences in the pricing mechanism of international products,and the lack of China's import pricing power are the main reasons for changes in China's import prices.The import of highpriced and high-quality products contributes to the high-quality development of China's economy.However,the large fluctuations in import prices and the strong upward trend will also exacerbate the instability of the domestic economy,increase the operating pressure of enterprises,and increase the risk of imported inflation.Therefore,China should focus on implementing its import market diversification strategy,strengthen trade cooperation with import sources,improve the cross-border pricing and settlement capability of RMB,promote China's comprehensive commodity futures index,reduce the external dependence of key products,and establish joint procurement alliance in key industries.

关 键 词：进口价格 进口价格波动 进口定价权 进口市场多元化 

分 类 号：F752[经济管理—国际贸易]