跨境数据流动、数据要素价值化与全球数字贸易治理  

Cross-Border Data Flow,Valuation of Data,and Global Digital Trade Governance

作　　者：马涛[1] 刘秉源 Ma Tao;Liu Bingyuan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所 [2]中国社会科学院大学国际政治经济学院

出　　处：《国际经济评论》2024年第2期151-176,8,共27页International Economic Review

摘　　要：伴随数字技术兴起,以跨境数据流动为底层支撑的全球数字贸易在迎来蓬勃发展的同时,其面临的治理困境也愈发凸显。本文从数据作为新型生产要素的视角,深入分析了数据在跨境流动下的价值实现形式,即数据要素通过资源化、资产化、资本化的价值形态演进过程,促进全球数据价值链的构建。全球数字贸易治理一方面需通过跨境数据流动规制为数据要素价值化创造前提条件:另一方面需以数字贸易为实践场景,激活数据要素价值潜能。基于跨境数据流动的全球数字贸易治理要平衡处理数据自由流动与数据安全,加强多边合作,弥合数字治理区域碎片化,构建适应性更广的数据标准与以数据作为生产要素的数字贸易规则体系。以数据要素价值化为实现路径的全球数字贸易治理要统筹推进数字技术与数字基础设施建设均衡发展,构建数据跨境流通交易机制,推动数据要素多场景应用及新兴问题治理。为此,本文提出了加强数字贸易顶层战略设计、搭建全球跨境数据流动框架、积极推动共建“数字丝绸之路”、加强数字技术领域治理合作、完善国内数据治理体系、构建数据要素全国统一大市场、培育数字贸易新业态新模式等方面的政策建议。With the rise of digital technology,digital trade supported by cross-border data flow is booming,but its governance dilemma has become increasingly prominent.From the perspective of data as a new production factor,this article analyzes in detail the value realization form of data as it flows beyond borders;that is,the evolution of data factor through the form of resourceization,assetization,and capitalization promotes the construction of a global data value chain.On the one hand,global digital trade governance needs to create prerequisites for the valuation of data factor through cross-border data flow regulation;on the other hand,it needs to use digital trade as a practical scenario to activate the value potential of data factor.Global digital trade governance based on cross-border data flow must balance the free flow of data and data security,strengthen multilateral cooperation,bridge the regional fragmentation of digital governance,and build a more adaptable data standard and a digital trade rule system that uses data as production factor.Global digital trade governance based on the valuation of data factor must coordinate the balanced development of digital technology and the construction of digital infrastructure,build a cross-border data circulation and transaction mechanism,and promote the multi-scenario application of data factor and the governance of emerging issues.To this end,this article proposes strengthening the top-level strategic design of digital trade,build a global cross-border data flow framework,actively promote the joint construction of the"Digital Silk Road",strengthen governance cooperation in the field of digital technology,improve the domestic data governance system,build a unified national market for data factor,and cultivate new industry patterns and modes of digital trade.

关 键 词：数字贸易治理 跨境数据流动 数据价值链 数据要素 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济]