农村宅基地有偿使用制度改革的效应和问题:东部D镇例证  

Effects and Problems of the Reform of the Paid Use System of Rural Homestead:An Example of D Town in the East

作　　者：夏柱智 Xia Zhuzhi

机构地区：[1]武汉大学社会学院

出　　处：《中国社会科学院大学学报》2024年第2期122-134,159,160,共15页Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“城镇化进程的农村土地制度改革研究”(22FSHB025)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：宅基地改革是乡村振兴背景下乡村建设的重要内容,关系到保障农户基本居住条件的社会公正,深化改革需要审慎稳妥。宅基地有偿使用制度有多样化的路径,分散在宅基地初始取得、利用及转让退出环节。产权经济学从强化宅基地财产属性出发着力构建宅基地市场体系,宅基地初始取得的市场化是宅基地初始取得的有偿使用的独特类型,仅在少数地区得到持续探索。本文基于对我国东部地区一个发达工业镇的村庄调研,发现在宅基地财产属性凸显的背景下,宅基地的市场化在一定程度上有利于集体经济发展、促进乡村建设,实现宅基地作为集体土地资源的价值,但在运行过程中容易形成社会排斥问题,违背社会公正原则,损害普通农民的民生保障。宅基地“三权分置”改革探索分置宅基地的“资格权”和“使用权”,但是在地方实践中,“资格权”并不能解决宅基地的财产性和保障性的矛盾,需要深入辨析。建议在坚持宅基地福利性配置原则的前提下,审视宅基地改革和农民利益及乡村建设的制度关联。The homestead reform is an important part of rural construction in the context of rural revitalization,and is related to the social justice that guarantees the basic living conditions of farmers.Therefore,deepening the reform requires prudence and steadiness.The paid use system of homestead has diverse paths,scattered in the initial acquisition,utilization,and transfer and withdrawal stages of homestead.Starting from strengthening the property attributes of homestead,property economics focuses on building a homestead market system.The marketization of the initial acquisition of homestead is a unique type of paid use of the initial acquisition of homestead,which has only been continuously explored in a few regions.Based on a survey of a village in a developed industrial town in the eastern part of China,this paper finds that under the prominent property attributes of homestead,the marketization of homestead is to some extent beneficial to the development of collective economy,promoting rural construction,and realizing the value of homestead as collective land resources.However,in the process of operation,it is easy to form social exclusion problems,violate the principles of social justice,and damage the livelihood security of ordinary farmers.The reform of the “ separation of three rights ” of homestead explores the separation of“qualification rights” and “use rights” of homestead. However, in local practice,“qualification rights” cannot solve the contradiction between the property andsecurity of homestead, and thus requires in-depth analysis. It is suggested that theinstitutional relationship between the rural homestead reform, farmer interests, andrural construction be examined while adhering to the principle of welfare allocationof homestead.

关 键 词：宅基地改革 宅基地有偿使用 社会公正 三权分置 乡村振兴 

分 类 号：C911[经济管理]