沉锂母液回收锂工艺研究进展  

Research Progress of Lithium Recovery Process from Lithium Precipitation Mother Liquor

作　　者：李世春 曲直 刘大锐 高桂梅 张云峰 洪雨 张洁 LI Shi-chun;QU Zhi;LIU Da-rui;GAO Gui-mei;ZHANG Yun-feng;HONG Yu;ZHANG Jie(Research Center for Coal Associated Resources Comprehensive Utilization of China Energy Group,Shenhua Haerwusu Open-Pit Coal Mine of China,Ordos 010399,China;Beijing Aerospace Propulsion Institute,Beijing 100076,China;Zhungeer Banner Vocational High School,Ordos 010399,China)

机构地区：[1]中国神华能源股份有限公司哈尔乌素露天煤矿国家能源集团煤炭伴生资源综合利用研究中心,内蒙古鄂尔多斯010399 [2]北京航天动力研究所,北京100076 [3]准格尔旗职业高级中学,内蒙古鄂尔多斯010399

出　　处：《稀有金属与硬质合金》2024年第2期11-17,44,共8页Rare Metals and Cemented Carbides

基　　金：国家科技部“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2011BAA04B05)。

摘　　要：在采用碳酸盐沉淀法生产碳酸锂过程中,约有20%的锂会损失在沉锂母液中。从沉锂母液中回收锂,既可以解决碳酸锂生产工艺废水的排放问题,又可以提升锂的总回收率,对国家战略能源储备和企业生产具有十分重要的意义。各种沉锂母液回收锂工艺中,析钠法工艺简单易操作,但基本只能生产工业二级碳酸锂产品,产品价值不高;沉淀法大大提升了母液中锂的回收率,但磷酸盐和氟化盐的使用会引入大量磷酸根离子和氟离子,对环境具有很大的不利影响;吸附法工艺简单、锂选择性好、回收率高,但存在吸附剂实际吸附容量小和溶损严重的问题;萃取法具有锂选择性强、提取率高的优点,但传统萃取体系均采用无机酸反萃,反萃酸度高,导致设备腐蚀严重,作业环境差。开发低成本、高效率、绿色环保的回收技术,是未来沉锂母液回收锂的必然发展方向。In the process of lithium carbonate production by carbonate precipitation method,about 20%of lithium is lost in lithium precipitation mother liquor.Recovering lithium from the mother liquor can not only solve the problem of wastewater discharge in the lithium carbonate production process,but also improve the overall recovery rate of lithium,which is of great significance to the national strategic energy reserve and industrial production.Among various processes for recovering lithium from the mother liquor,the sodium precipitation method is simple and easy to operate,but it can only produces industrial gradeⅡlithium carbonate products with low value.The precipitation method greatly improves the recovery rate of lithium from the mother liquor,but the use of phosphate and fluoride will introduce a large number of phosphate ions and fluoride ions,which has a significant adverse impact on the environment.The adsorption method has the advantages of a simple process,good lithium selectivity,and high recovery rate,but it faces such problems as limited actual adsorption capacity and significant dissolution loss of adsorbents.The extraction method demonstrates strong selectivity and high extraction rate of lithium,but the traditional extraction systems adopt inorganic acid stripping,which leads to severe equipment corrosion and poor working conditions due to high stripping acidity.Developing lowcost,highly efficient,and environmentally friendly recovery technologies is the inevitable direction for lithium recovery from lithium precipitation mother liquor in the future.

关 键 词：沉锂母液 锂回收 碳酸锂 析钠法 沉淀法 吸附法 萃取法 

分 类 号：TF845.1[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]