昆虫对杀虫剂和转Bt基因植物的抗性进化机制研究进展  

Research Progress in the Evolution Mechanisms for Insect Resistance to Insecticides and Bt-transgenic Plants

作　　者：彭羽佳 李文萃 刘勇波[1] PENG Yu-jia;LI Wen-cui;LIU Yong-bo(State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Ecological Process and Functional Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2024年第4期40-51,共12页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31200288)。

摘　　要：为防治昆虫对农作物的危害,采取了喷施杀虫剂和种植转Bt基因抗虫植物等措施。然而,杀虫剂的大规模使用和转Bt基因抗虫植物的大面积连续种植使得一些靶标昆虫产生了抗性进化,这不仅影响防治效果,而且还影响整个农业生态系统服务功能。本文综述了昆虫对化学杀虫剂、微生物杀虫剂和转Bt基因植物产生抗性的分子机制。昆虫对化学杀虫剂的抗性进化机制主要是靶标位点敏感性下降和解毒酶系活性增强;对微生物杀虫剂的抗性进化机制主要是免疫系统激活和共生菌群变化;对转Bt基因植物的抗性进化机制主要是昆虫中肠结合受体基因突变或表达下调和中肠蛋白酶活性降低。为了减缓昆虫抗性进化和提高杀虫剂效率,未来建议减少使用化学杀虫剂,合理利用杀虫谱广和活性高的微生物杀虫剂以及抗虫植物等方法系统治理农业害虫。To reduce the damage to crop from insects,some agricultural practices have been used such as spraying insecticides and planting Bt-transgenic insect-resistant plants.However,since insecticides are continuously sprayed and Bt-transgenic insect-resistant plants are continuously cultivated at large scales,target insects tend to evolve the resistance to insecticides and insect-resistant plants.This insectresistance evolution of target insects not only decrease the insect-control effectiveness of insecticides and transgenic plants but also affect the functional services in agricultural ecosystems.Here,we reviewed the molecular mechanisms of insect resistance to chemical and microbial insecticides and Bt-transgenic plants.Insects evolve resistance to chemical insecticides via decreasing the sensitivity of target sites and enhancing the activities of detoxifying enzymes in insects,resistance to microbial insecticides via activating immune systems and changing symbiotic flora in insects,and resistance to Bt-transgenic plants via downregulating midgut binding receptors and decreasing midgut protease activities in insects.To delay the resistance evolution of insects and increase the insect-control efficiency of insecticides,it is urgent to systematically control agricultural insects through reducing the use of chemical insecticides and to increasing the integrative use of broadspectrum and high-activity microbial insecticides as well as insect-resistant plants.

关 键 词：昆虫防治 化学杀虫剂 微生物杀虫剂 转Bt基因植物 抗性机制 

分 类 号：S433[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]