“斯密问题”的三重意涵及其流变——兼论“斯密问题”何以为问题  

The Triple Meaning of the“Adam Smith Problem”and Its Evolution:What Makes the“Adam Smith Problem”a Problem

作　　者：王欢 朱紫橙 杜丽群[2] Wang Huan;Zhu Zicheng;Du Liqun(Institute of Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences;School of Economics,Peking University)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院经济研究所,100836 [2]北京大学经济学院,100871

出　　处：《经济思想史学刊》2024年第1期49-71,共23页Bulletin of the History of Economic Thought

摘　　要：“斯密问题”是经济思想史研究的经典问题之一。基于思想史编史学研究视角,本文先后考察了该问题的三个版本。其中,前两个较早提出的、基于文本分析的“法国联系论”和“二元人性论”版本,随着学术界对斯密生平著作的挖掘整理及对其思想的整体性研究相继得到了澄清和解释。近年来兴起的“社会历史论”版本又提出,“斯密问题”本质上反映着商业社会的结构性问题。借助社会历史分析方法,本文指出“斯密问题”成为“问题”的根源在于不同时代背景下学者们对商业社会之利弊评判的不同侧重:斯密同时代的学者希望借助商业秩序来开创人类社会的新历史阶段;德国历史学派是为了批判英国经济学、解决现实社会问题;当代中国“斯密问题”的研究热潮则植根于市场化改革的特殊背景。究其本质,“斯密问题”是特定社会历史条件的产物,体现着不同分析范式及其背后社会秩序观之间的张力,而并非斯密自身思想体系或者论证逻辑的矛盾。The"Adam Smith problem"is a classic issue in the history of economic thought.From the historiographical perspective,this paper examines three versions of the"Adam Smith problem"in succession.Among them,the former two versions,"French Connection Theory"and"Dualistic Humanism",which were initially based on the perspective of textual analysis,have been clarified and explained through the academic research on Smith's life,writings,and the overall analysis of his thought.The"Socio-Historical Analysis Approach",which has emerged in recent years,further asserts that the"Adam Smith problem"essentially reflects the structural problems of commercial society.With the help of socio-historical analysis,this paper further investigates the reasons of the"Adam Smith problem"as a problem lie in the different focuses of scholars on the benefits and drawbacks of commercial society under different socio-historical conditions:Smith and his contemporaries aimed to create a new historical stage of human society through the commercial order;the German Historical School was tasked with criticizing the British economics and solving social problems;the boom in the study of the"Adam Smith problem"in contemporary China is also a special phenomenon reflecting the context of the market-oriented reforms.This paper argues that the essence of the"Adam Smith problem"is a product of specific socio-historical conditions,reflecting the tension between different analytical paradigms and the social order behind them,rather than contradictions in Smith's own ideological system or logic of argumentation.

关 键 词：“斯密问题” 经济思想史 编史学研究 社会历史分析 当代中国 

分 类 号：F091.3[经济管理—政治经济学]