大庆市蝶类多样性及其影响因素  

Butterfly diversity and its influencing factors in Daqing City

作　　者：袁改霞 张大川 张国发 殷亚杰 张奕婷 李玥 徐太海 YUAN Gaixia;ZHANG Dachuan;ZHANG Guofa;YIN Yajie;ZHANG Yiting;LI Yue;XU Taihai(Institute of Biological Engineering,Daqing Normal College,Daqing 163712,Heilongjiang,China;Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Typhoon Monitoring and Forecasting Technology,Wenzhou Dongtou District Meterorological Service,Wenzhou 325700,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]大庆师范学院生物工程学院,黑龙江大庆163712 [2]温州市洞头区气象局温州市台风监测预报技术重点实验室,浙江温州325700

出　　处：《草业科学》2024年第4期845-855,共11页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：生态环境部生物多样性保护专项资助项目“全国生物多样性(蝴蝶)观测”(SDZXWJZ012016047);大庆市科技项目“油田开发区域蝴蝶及其蜜源植物季节动态研究”(zd-2021-19)。

摘　　要：为明确大庆市蝶类多样性及其影响因素,2016-2019年利用样线法对大庆市不同生境类型中的蝴蝶开展了调查研究。共观测到蝴蝶5780只,隶属6科29属36种。灰蝶科的个体数最多,蛱蝶科的物种数最多,是当地的优势类群;凤蝶科仅1种,是当地的稀有类群。优势种7个,常见种5个,少见种4个,稀有种20个。不同的生境蝶类群落种类与数量存在一定的差异,人为干扰小、植物群落结构最为复杂的新华草原蝶类的属数和种数最多,而人为干扰较强、植物群落单一的大庆龙凤湿地自然保护区最少;新华草原的蝶类多样性指数最高,大庆龙凤湿地自然保护区最低;新华草原的丰富度指数最高,乘风湖岸边最低。蝶类物种数、个体数、多样性指数及丰富度指数月度变化基本一致,且与月均温显著正相关(P<0.05),而与月降水量无相关性。综上,蝶类多样性与植被类型、月均温有明显的相关性。而相同气象条件下,植被类型是影响蝶类分布的重要因素。为了保护与丰富蝶类资源,建议植被单一的区域,进行适度的植被异质化建设。To understand butterfly diversity and analyze its influencing factors in Daqing City,we investigated butterflies using the line transect method from 2016 to 2019 in different habitats.We recorded 5780 butterfly individuals belonging to 36 species,29 genera,and 6 families.Lycaenidae,with the most individuals,and Nymphalidae,with the most species,were the dominant families.Papilionidae,with only one species,was regarded as rare.There were 7 dominant,5 common,4 unusual,and 20 rare species.In terms of butterfly species composition and number,some differences were observed among the different habitats.The highest number of species was in the Xinhua grassland with less human disturbance and the most diverse plant community,whereas the lowest number was in the Daqing Longfeng Wetland Nature Reserve with strong human disturbance and a single plant community structure.The diversity index of butterflies was highest in the Xinhua grassland and lowest in the Daqing Longfeng Wetland Nature Reserve.Meanwhile,the richness index was highest in the Xinhua grassland and lowest in the Chengfeng Lake shoreline.The monthly changes in species,number of individuals,diversity index,and richness index were similar.There was a significant positive correlation with the mean monthly temperature(P<0.05)but no correlation with monthly rainfall.In conclusion,butterfly diversity is significantly correlated with vegetation type and temperature.However,under the same meteorological conditions,vegetation type is an important factor influencing butterfly distribution.Therefore,in areas with a single vegetation type,moderately heterogeneous vegetation restoration is beneficial for protecting and enriching butterfly resources.

关 键 词：蝴蝶 多样性指数 人为干扰 气象因子 月动态 丰富度指数 数量特征 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]