基于冷暖季放牧区划分的玉树州草畜平衡估算及变化分析  

Estimation and change analysis of forage-livestock balance based on cold and warm season grazing region division in Yushu Prefecture,China

作　　者：夏兴生 马国秀 车红岩 潘耀忠 黄永生 李宏达 XIA Xingsheng;MA Guoxiu;CHE Hongyan;PAN Yaozhong;HUANG Yongsheng;LI Hongda(Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China;School of Geographical Sciences,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China;State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Qinghai General Station of Grassland,Xining 810008,Qinghai,China)

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学高原科学与可持续发展研究院,青海西宁810016 [2]青海师范大学地理科学学院,青海西宁810016 [3]北京师范大学地理科学学部遥感科学国家重点实验室,北京100875 [4]青海省草原总站,青海西宁810008

出　　处：《草业科学》2024年第4期1007-1019,共13页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0903、2019QZKK0606);国家自然科学基金项目(42201027)。

摘　　要：玉树州作为三江源高寒生态屏障区以牧为主农牧业结合发展的核心地区,草畜平衡不仅关系生态屏障安全,也对实现科学的畜牧业经济管理具有重要的指导意义。因此,本研究以探究高寒生态屏障区天然草地的草畜平衡变化为目的,选择玉树州为研究区,利用2014-2019年MOD13A1 NDVI产品数据和MOD17A3H NPP产品数据、统计数据、植被类型数据,在划分县域冷暖两季放牧区的基础上,以“木桶效应”确定了各县(市)天然草地的合理载畜量并对其草畜平衡进行了评估。结果表明:1)按照理论上的自然轮牧规律,参考固定面积比例和年内NDVI的时空分布规律划分的玉树州各县(市)冷季放牧区分布于较温暖的沟谷地区,暖季放牧区处于高寒区域,且冷季放牧区产草量大于暖季放牧区。2)年际间冷暖季放牧区干草产量均呈波动增长趋势,年均增长率均在3.00%以上且暖季放牧区年产草量增长率大于冷季放牧区。3)2014-2019年玉树州整体的草畜平衡状态由临界超载和超载波动转为平衡,但各县(市)草畜平衡状态存在差异,推测可能是因为自然保护区和国家公园生态工程支持的空间范围差异引起的。本研究对进一步修订三江源自然保护区和国家公园建设方案,实施高寒生态屏障区生态和畜牧业经济的良性发展策略具有一定的参考价值。Yushu Prefecture,China,represents a core area of the alpine ecological barrier area in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,which combines agriculture and animal husbandry.The forage-livestock balance relates to the safety of ecological barrier and plays an important role in scientific economic management of animal husbandry.Therefore,we explored the changes in forage-livestock balance in the natural grassland of Yushu Prefecture,China,between 2014-2019.The MOD13A1 NDVI and MOD17A3H NPP product,statistical data,and vegetation type data were mainly used.This study considered the grazing region in cold and warm seasons in each county of Yushu Prefecture according to rotation grazing practices.The reasonable carrying capacity of natural grassland in each county was determined using"barrel effect"and the forage-livestock balance was evaluated.According to the theoretical law of natural rotation grazing,the cold season grazing region was located in the warm valley region,while the warm season grazing region was located in the alpine region,based on fixed area proportion and spatio-temporal NDVI distribution.The cold-season grazing region hay fields were bigger than that of the warm-season grazing region.Hay yields exhibited a fluctuating increasing trend in both cold and warm season grazing regions between 2014-2019.The average annual hay growth rate was>3.00%in each county,of which the growth rate in the warm season grazing region was higher than that in cold season grazing region.Between 2014-2019,the forage-livestock balance in Yushu Prefecture gradually fluctuated from critical overload or overload to equilibrium;however,forage-livestock balances differed among counties,which might be attributable to the difference in the spatial scope of ecological engineering support between nature reserves and national parks.Our findings contribute to formulating construction plans for Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserves,National Parks,and realizing the benign development of the park’s ecology and animal husbandry economy.

关 键 词：遥感 轮牧 木桶效应 高寒草地 载畜量 生态屏障区 青藏高原 

分 类 号：S812.5[农业科学—草业科学]