19世纪上半叶德意志知识界的“法典化之争”及其影响  

The‘Codification Debate'and Its Influence in the German Intelligentsia during the First Half of the 19^(th) Century

作　　者：邢益波 Xing Yibo

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系

出　　处：《世界历史》2024年第1期49-65,I0004,共18页World History

摘　　要：1814年,蒂堡与萨维尼围绕德意志通用民法典的编纂问题发生公开论战。随着德意志知识界以法学学者为主的知识分子不断参与,论战逐步升级。法典化派与反法典化派围绕通用民法典的内容、形式和编纂方式展开论战,其焦点是当时德意志是否具备通用民法典的编纂条件。这场论战发生的背景是等级宪法的模糊与自然法法典的僵化所构成的特殊法律状况,以及法国入侵所促进的民族情绪的高涨与邦国间经济联系的加强。在这种背景下,通用民法典编纂问题引起了德意志知识界的重视。这场论战发生的主要原因是这一时期德意志法律思想的历史化。这场论战促进了不同知识领域的交流与碰撞,为德意志法学的科学化发展奠定了理论与体系基础,也为《德国民法典》的编纂指明了方式与原则,甚至影响了他国的法学与法典编纂。这场论战折射出近代德意志统一道路的特殊性与复杂性。In 1814,Thibaut and Savigny engaged in a public debate over the codification of a general civil code for Germany.The debate escalated gradually,with the continuous participation of the German intellectuals who were mainly legal scholars.Codificationists and anti-codificationists argued over the contents,forms and methods of the codification for the general civil code,which centred on whether Germany had the conditions for the general civil code at that time.This debate took place against the background of the unique legal situation which was formed by the ambiguity of the estates'constitution and the rigidity of the natural law code,as well as the rise of national sentiment and the intensification of the economic ties among the states fostered by the French invasion.Against such background,the issue of codification attracted the attention of the German intelligentsia.The main reason for the debate was the historicisation of the German legal thought during this period.The debate promoted exchanges and collisions among various fields of knowledge,which laid the theoretical and systematic foundations for the development of the German jurisprudence legal science,indicated methods and principles for the codification of the German Civil Code,and influenced the jurisprudence and codification of other countries.This debate reflects the particularity and complexity of the path to unification in modern Germany.

关 键 词：德意志邦国 法典化之争 历史法学派 法科学 普遍历史 德国民法典 

分 类 号：K561[历史地理—历史学]