政经分离:美国影响下日本对华政策的演变(1952-1972)  

Political and Economic Separation:The Evolution of Japan's Policy towards China under the U.S.Influence(1952-1972)

作　　者：翟新[1] Zhai Xin

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院

出　　处：《世界历史》2024年第1期66-84,I0004,I0005,共21页World History

摘　　要：自1952年《旧金山和约》生效至1972年中日实现邦交正常化,在东西冷战和“旧金山体制”背景下,日本政府在与美国联盟的同时,在对华关系上,一方面致力于让中国的台湾地区留于西方阵营,另一方面,又试图在社会经济发展上赢得中国市场并优化安全环境,一直奉行既与中国台湾当局保持所谓政治及外交关系,又与中国内地维持经济及文化交流的“政经分离”的原则。政经分离形成之初本质上是依附于美国战略的外交机制,但随着20世纪60年代后日本国力的增强及国际形势的变化,它反过来起到了牵制美国对华外交的作用。这一政策对日本的对华关系也产生了多方面影响,既有助于实现其阻碍两岸接近的政治目标,又在一定程度上为日本先于美国实现对华邦交正常化奠定了社会基础。From the enactment of the San Francisco Peace Treaty in 1952 to the normalisation of the Sino-Japanese diplomatic relations in 1972,Japan navigated a diplomatic strategy constrained by the dynamics of the East-West Cold War and‘the San Francisco system'.On the one hand,the Japanese government maintained an alliance with the U.S.On the other hand,in terms of the relation with China,it pursued a policy towards China which aimed at keeping the Taiwan region of China within the Western camp,while seeking access to the Chinese market and enhancing the security environment through socio-economic development.Its policy adhered to the guiding principle involving a deliberate separation of political and diplomatic relations with the Taiwan,China authorities from economic and cultural exchanges with China' mainland.Initially,this separation of the politics and economy was an essential part of a diplomatic mechanism aligned with the U.S.strategy.However,as Japan's national power strengthened and the international situation evolved in the 1960s,such policy began to exert influence on restraining on the U.S.diplomacy towards China.This policy had multifaceted impacts on Japan's relations with China,contributing to the realisation of Japan's political goal of impeding closer ties between the Chinese mainland and Taiwan,while laying the social foundation for Japan to achieve the normalisation of the diplomatic relations with China ahead of the U.S.

关 键 词：冷战 旧金山体制 日本对华政策 美国远东战略 政经分离 

分 类 号：K712[历史地理—历史学]