近代华商、日商在东亚及东南亚的贸易竞争  

Trade Competition between the Chinese and Japanese Merchants in East and Southeast Asia in Modern Times

作　　者：张传宇 Zhang Chuanyu

机构地区：[1]苏州大学社会学院历史系 [2]苏州大学东亚历史文化研究中心

出　　处：《世界历史》2024年第1期85-96,I0005,共13页World History

摘　　要：鸦片战争后,随着清政府对地方控制力度迅速衰减,中国东南沿海民间对外贸易逐渐兴起,进而形成近代东亚及东南亚华商贸易网络,二者通过中国香港及华南保持密切商业联系,并对区域内其他亚洲国家商人形成巨大优势。而日本开国后,既从华商贸易网络获得工业化所需的海外市场与原料供应,又意欲摆脱其约束。日本当局中日甲午战争至一战爆发期间通过侵略战争与工业化并举,促使日商迅速摆脱对华商的依赖。随着日商贸易网络的强势崛起,东亚华商贸易网络渐遭肢解。一战时期中日两国的国际贸易竞争由东亚延至东南亚,随后东南亚华商贸易网络与日商在合作与对立之间反复拉扯,政治因素成为重要背景。如从贸易角度视之,日本发动太平洋战争的动机中也包含再度以战争手段压制华商贸易网络的企图,其中依稀可见其19世纪末肢解东亚华商贸易网络的“东亚经验”的历史痕迹。After the First Opium War,the control over local areas by the government of the Qing Dynasty rapidly declined and the non-governmental foreign trade along the southeastern coast of China rose accordingly.Furthermore,trade networks of the Chinese merchants in East Asia and Southeast Asia gradually formed during modern times.Those two networks were closely connected through Hong Kong,China and South China and exerted significant advantages over merchants from other Asian countries in that region.After taking the Opening-up Policy,Japan obtained the overseas market and raw material supplies from the Chinese merchant trade network which were necessary for industrialisation,while also intended to break away from its constraints.During the period between the Sino-Japanese War in 1895 and the outbreak of the First World War,Japan's aggressive warfare and industrialisation efforts enabled the Japanese merchants to free themselves rapidly from the reliance on the Chinese merchants.As the Japanese merchant trade network rose strongly,the Chinese merchant trade network in East Asia was broken apart.During the First World War,the international trade competition between China and Japan spread from East Asia to Southeast Asia.Subsequently,the Chinese merchants and the Japanese merchants in Southeast Asia were trapped in a situation of both cooperation and opposition,with political factors being an important reason behind it.From a trade perspective,the intention of suppressing the Chinese merchant trade network through military means again was also included in the motivation behind Japan's initiation of the Pacific War,from which it could observe the historical traces of‘East Asian experience'of Japan regarding the fragmentation of the Chinese merchant trade network in East Asia at the end of the 19^(th) century.

关 键 词：亚洲交易圈论 华商贸易网络 日商贸易网络 神户华商 抵制日货运动 

分 类 号：F752[经济管理—国际贸易]