20世纪德国结构史学的兴起及影响  

The Rise and Influence of the German Structural History in the 20^(th) Century

作　　者：赵伟 Zhao Wei

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学历史学系

出　　处：《世界历史》2024年第1期166-181,I0008,共17页World History

摘　　要：结构史学的概念最早是由法国年鉴学派提出的。德国的结构史学之名虽源于年鉴学派,但其研究理论和方法深植于德国传统中。19世纪末,兰普雷希特开创了结构史学,主张运用结构社会学的方法从政治、经济和社会的角度书写不同时代的德意志文化史。20世纪三四十年代,弗莱伊尔、伊普森和康泽等人主导的“人民史”研究,以历史学、社会学和人类学综合方法,考察德意志东部人民的社会结构及演变历程,奠定了德国结构史学的研究理论和方法。第二次世界大战后,康泽利用传统史学并辅以社会学的方法研究工业时代的社会进程和社会结构的变革,强调政治之于社会结构演进的决定意义。他的研究理论和方法代表了鼎盛时期德国结构史学的研究理路。20世纪六七十年代以后,德国结构史学的理论和方法不仅启发了新兴的社会史研究,而且成为德国史学研究的重要视角和方法。The concept of the structural history was first put forward by the French Annales School.Although its name originated from the Annales School,the research theories and methods of the German structural history were deeply rooted in the German tradition.At the end of the 19^(th) century,Lamprecht pioneered the structural history,which advocated the adoption of structural sociological methods to write the German cultural history of different eras from political,economic and social perspectives.In the 1930s and 1940s,‘folk history'research led by Freyer,Ipsen and Conze examined the social structure and its evolution of people living in eastern Germany with an integrated approach of history,sociology and anthropology,laying the foundation in the research theory and methodology for the German structural history.After the Second World War,Conze adopted traditional historiography supplemented by sociological methods to study the social processes and changes of social structure in the Industrial Age,emphasising the decisive role of the politics in the evolution of social structure.His theory and methodology represented the research approaches in the heyday of the German structural history.After the 1960s and 1970s,theories and methods of the German structural history not only inspired the burgeoning study of the social history,but also became a significant perspective and methodology in the field of the German historical research.

关 键 词：德国结构史学 年鉴学派 人民史 社会史 维尔纳·康泽 

分 类 号：K516[历史地理—历史学]