国际环境法中非国家参与者主体地位的理论探析  

Theoretical Analysis of the Subjective Status of Non-State Participants in International Environmental Law

作　　者：胡思源 HU Siyuan(School of Law,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《渭南师范学院学报》2024年第4期85-93,共9页Journal of Weinan Normal University

摘　　要：在传统主体理念的背景下,国际环境法的主体仅限于国家和政府间国际组织,但随着非政府组织和个人在当今全球环境治理中的作用凸显,固有的主体论受到很大冲击。在系统总结和概括非政府组织和个人这两种非国家参与者在国际环境法领域现有地位、局限性与理论争议的基础上,认为应有限地承认其主体地位。这不仅符合法律主体扩大化的法理趋势与国际环境法的独立性和特殊性,也具有发扬全球环境治理模式、顺应市民社会发展和人权保护潮流、肯认非国家参与者实际作用的现实意义。因此,应通过灵活的定义选择、构建地位不平等的多元法律主体谱系、创设特殊主体资格承认的具体条件等路径,打造有限承认非国家参与者主体地位的具体模式,适当扩充现有国际环境法主体范围,使非国家参与者的主体地位在一定范围内得到彰显。In the context of the traditional notion of subject matter,the subject matter of international environmental law is limited to states and intergovernmental international organizations.However,with the prominent role of non-governmental organizations(NGOs)and individuals in today’s global environmental governance,the inherent subjectivism has been greatly weakened.On the basis of a systematic review of the existing status,limitations and theoretical controversies of two types of non-state actors,non-governmental organizations and individuals,this paper argues that limited recognition of their subjective status should be given in the field of international environmental law.It is not only in line with the jurisprudence trend of expanding legal subjects and the independence and specificity of international environmental law,but also has the practical significance of promoting the model of global environmental governance,responding to the trend of the development of civil society and the protection of human rights,and recognizing the actual role of non-state actors.Therefore,through the flexible choice of definitions,the construction of a spectrum of pluralistic legal subjects with unequal status,the creation of specific conditions for the recognition of special subject status and other paths,we should create a specific model for the limited recognition of the subject status of non-state actors,and appropriately expand the scope of the existing subjects of international environmental law,so as to make the subject status of the non-state actors;to a certain extent more prominent.

关 键 词：国际环境法 非国家参与者 非政府组织 个人 主体地位 

分 类 号：D996.9[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]