不同种源及采收时间的五小叶槭种子萌发特性研究  

Study on seed germination characteristics of Acer pentaphyllum from different provenances and harvesting times

作　　者：王晓玲 罗晓波[2] 罗艳 谢兰 WANG Xiaoling;LUO Xiaobo;LUO Yan;XIE Lan(Liangshan Prefecture Labor Vocational and Technical School,Xichang 615000,China;Sichuan Province Natural Resources Science Acedemy,Chengdu 610024,China;Yanyuan Right Section Forestry Workstation,Liangshan 615703,China)

机构地区：[1]凉山州劳动职业技术学校,四川凉山615000 [2]四川省自然资源科学研究院,四川成都610024 [3]盐源县右所片区林业工作站,四川凉山615703

出　　处：《四川林业科技》2024年第2期115-121,共7页Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：省科技厅2023年自然科学基金项目(城市植物群落特征及生态服务能力提升研究:2023NSFSC0192)。

摘　　要：以四川雅江县、九龙县、木里县、九龙三垭宫和康定市采收1年与3年的五小叶槭(Acer pentaphyllum)种子开展萌发特性研究,结果表明:(1)五个地区采收1年的五小叶槭种子萌发率总体较低(4.0%—17.6%之间),其中木里县、雅江县和九龙县的种子萌发率显著高于康定市和九龙三垭宫。(2)五个地区采收1年的五小叶槭种子有仁率均偏低(36.8%—45.2%之间),但区域差异不显著。(3)5个地区采收1年五小叶槭种子的胚活力表现为高(九龙县、木里县和康定市种子胚活力在95%以上)、中(九龙三垭宫,种子胚活力为91.7%)和低(雅江县,种子胚活力为53.3%)三大类。(4)五小叶槭种子吸水分为快速吸水期、缓慢吸水期和稳定吸水期三个阶段。(5)五小叶槭种子萌发特性受保存时间影响,九龙县和木里县采收3年的五小叶槭种子均不能正常萌发,且出现了种子有仁率减少、种子胚活力降低的现象。总之,不同种源五小叶槭的种子萌发特性的差异与胚活力有关,而保存时间的延长会降低胚活力,建议最好选用刚采收的五小叶槭种子进行育苗培育,以提高五小叶槭人工育苗的成功率。The germination characteristics of Acer pentaphyllum seeds harvested for 1 and 3 years in Yajiang County,Jiulong County,Muli County,Jiulong Sanyagong and Kangding City in Sichuan Province were studied.The results showed that:(1)The seed germination rate of Acer pentaphylla was generally low(between 4.0%and 17.6%)in five regions,among which the seed germination rate in Muli County,Yajiang County and Jiulong County was significantly higher than that in Kangding City and Sanyagong in Jiulong.(2)The seed kernel percentage of Acer pentaphylla harvested for one year in five regions was low(between 36.8%and 45.2%),but there was no significant difference among regions.(3)The embryo viability of Acer pentaphylla seeds harvested for one year in five regions was classified into three categories:high(more than 95%in Jiulong County,Muli County and Kangding City),medium(91.7%in Sanyagong,Jiulong County)and low(53.3%in Yajiang County).(4)The water absorption of Acer pentaphylla seeds can be divided into three stages:rapid water absorption period,slow water absorption stage and stable water absorption stage.(5)The seed germination characteristics of Acer pentaphylla were affected by the storage time.The seeds of Acer pentaphylla harvested for 3 years in Jiulong County and Muli County could not germinate normally,and the seed kernel rate and seed embryo vitality decreased.In conclusion,the differences in seed germination characteristics of Acer pentaphylla from different provenances were related to embryo viability,and the prolongation of storage time would reduce seed embryo viability.In order to improve the success rate of artificial seedling raising of Acer pentaphyllum,it is suggested that the newly harvested seeds should be selected for seedling raising.

关 键 词：五小叶槭 种子萌发 种子胚活力 保存时间 

分 类 号：S792.35[农业科学—林木遗传育种]