明清仙道小说的结构模式及其来源  

The Structural Patterns and Sources of Fairy Novels in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：蒋振华[1] 段淼 JIANG Zhenhua;DUAN Miao(College of Liberal Arts,Hunan Normal University,Changsha,Hunan 410081)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学文学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《中国文学研究》2024年第2期87-97,共11页Research of Chinese Literature

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“历代道经集部集成、编纂与研究”(17ZDA248)。

摘　　要：明清小说的繁荣,带来了小说观念和小说理论的繁富,小说家纷纷对小说的结构艺术进行深刻思考。在这个背景下,作为明清小说中一个新品种的道教仙道小说,据初步统计共48部,它们的作者都曾苦心经营过这些小说的结构模式,结果是全部48部仙道小说无一例外地按照“仙界开局式”“凡间发展式”“玉局结尾式”,即“仙界→人世→仙界”的三段结构形式来布局谋篇,这种模式同时也策应了明清文法、戏法、小说法等提倡的豹头、猪肚、凤尾的结构理论。究其原因,主要受诸如《太平经》等早期道教在经典制作上的文本模式的影响。但是明清仙道小说在结构安排、叙述风格等方面也存在诸多差异性,这是服从于仙道小说自身发展的内在要求和其他外在客观因素所必然导致的结果。The prosperity of novels in the Ming and Qing dynasties brought about the prosperity of novel concepts and theories.And novelists have deeply reflected on the structural art of novels.In this context,as a new variety of Taoist fairy novels in Ming and Qing novels,according to preliminary statistics,there are a total of 48 of them.Their authors have worked hard to manage the structural patterns of these novels,and the result is that all 48 fairy tales,without exception,are arranged and planned according to the three paragraph structural forms of“immortal world opening style”,“mortal development style”,and“Yuju ending style”,namely“from immortal world to mortal world,and then to immortal world”.This model also corresponds to the structural theories of“leopard head”,“pig belly”,and“phoenix tail”advocated by Ming and Qing articles,plays and novels.The main reason for this is the textual patterns of early Taoism in the production of classics,such as the Tai Ping Jing.However,there were also many differences in the structural arrangement,narrative style,and other aspects of the Ming and Qing Taoist fairy novels.This is an inevitable result of the internal requirements and other external objective factors of the development of fairy tales.

关 键 词：明清仙道小说 仙界开局式 凡间发展式 玉局结尾式 道教经文 

分 类 号：I207.4[文学—中国文学]