公共草场自主治理实现机制——基于SES框架的案例分析  

Mechanisms for Achieving Self-Governance in Public Pasture——A Case Study Based on the SES Framework

作　　者：乌日汗 李平[1] 张苏日塔拉图 钱政成 王强 WU Ri-han;LI Ping;ZHANG Su-ri-ta-la-tu;QIAN Zheng-cheng;WANG Qiang(Grassland Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010010,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院草原研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《草地学报》2024年第4期1021-1033,共13页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科学技术厅重点研发项目:草甸草原修复技术研发与生态功能提升路径研究(2022YFDZ0040)资助。

摘　　要：随着牧区社会-生态系统破碎化问题的凸显,公共草场自主治理引起了学术界关注。然而,中国现行草地承包制度下,自主治理制度的可行性及其实现机制仍有待系统研究。本文连续三年跟踪调查了内蒙古一片公共草场,应用SES框架解构了案例地复杂系统,并依据案例地情形构建了关联博弈模型,解析了公共草场自主治理制度下牧户互动机制。结果表明:草地资源的可持续利用关乎牧户长期生产成本。为了节约长期生产成本,牧区社区制定了公共草场自主治理制度。制度实施过程中,依据牧草长势和牲畜膘情形成了动态的草畜平衡规则,可操作的惩罚制度和地方政府弹性干预促进了自主治理制度的良好运作。同时,牧户之间的放牧博弈和社会交往博弈相互关联,使得自主治理制度以较低成本自我实施。该制度的有效实施有助于提高草地资源使用的公平性,也有利于牧户之间、牧户与地方政府之间信任的增长,提高生产互惠性和生产效率。因此,应探索建立自主治理和承包制度并存的多样化草地资源管理体系。As pastoral social-ecological system faces the problem of increasing fragmentation,the self-governance of public pasture has garnered scholarly attention.However,under the current grassland contracting system of China,the feasibility and implementation mechanisms of self-governance system remains under explored.This study tracked a public pasture area in Inner Mongolia for three consecutive years,utilizing the SES framework to analyze the complex system.A related game model was developed to examine the interaction mechanisms among herders under the self-governance system.The results indicated that the sustainable utilization of grassland resources was crucial for reducing herders'long-term production costs.The pastoral community has established a self-governance system for public pasture to conserve long-term production costs.During the implementation of the system,dynamic rules for grass-livestock balance were formulated based on the condition of grass growth and livestock body condition.Operable penalty mechanisms and flexible intervention by local governments have promoted the effective operation of the self-governance system.Moreover,the interplay between grazing strategies among herders and social interaction games has led to the self-imposition of the governance system at a lower cost.The effective implementation of this system contributes to the fairness of grassland resource utilization,fosters trust among herders and local governments,and enhances mutual benefit and production efficiency.Therefore,exploring a diversified grassland resource management system that integrates self-governance and contracting is warranted.

关 键 词：自主治理 SES框架 关联博弈 草地资源管理 

分 类 号：F323.212[经济管理—产业经济]