放牧对荒漠草原主要植物微斑块物种组成与更替的影响  

Effects of Grazing on Species Diversity and Turnover of Main Species Patch in Desert Steppe

作　　者：熊梅[1] 安海波 赵萌莉 乔荠瑢 张峰 郑佳华 XIONG Mei;AN Hai-Bo;ZHAO Meng-li;QIAO Ji-Rong;ZHANG Feng;ZHENG Jia-Hua(Agricultural College,Inner Mongolia Minzu University,Tongliao,Inner Mongolia 028000,China;College of Grassland,Resource and Environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010011,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学农学院,内蒙古通辽028000 [2]内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《草地学报》2024年第4期1112-1119,共8页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然基金项目(31660108和31861143001);内蒙古农业大学草地资源教育部重点实验室资助。

摘　　要：为探讨不同植物斑块物种组成对放牧的响应规律,本研究以不同载畜率下短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)荒漠草原:冷蒿(Artemisia frigida)、无芒隐子草(Cleistogenes songorica)和银灰旋花(Convolvulus ammannii)种群微斑块为研究对象,在斑块不同位置进行群落调查,分析斑块群落物种组成、更替和多样性的变化特征。结果表明:经过12年放牧,冷蒿斑块的物种相似性随载畜率增加显著降低(P<0.05);无芒隐子草斑块和银灰旋花斑块Margelef和Shannon-Wiener指数随载畜率的增加显著降低(P<0.05);银灰旋花斑块Margelef,Shannon-Wiener和Pielou指数在斑块区显著低于过渡区和外部区(P<0.05)。放牧使无芒隐子草和银灰旋花与周围环境物种交换增多,无芒隐子草在斑块中占主导地位,而银灰旋花由于生物量和多样性的显著降低在群落中处于劣势;冷蒿斑块随载畜率增加生物量急剧减少,不同位置间的物种更替增强。本研究可为放牧利用下荒漠草原的可持续利用提供参考。To explore the response of species composition of different patches to grazing,patches of Artemisia frigida,Cleistogenes songorica and Convolvulus ammannii under different stocking rates in Stipa breviflora desert steppe were selected as research object,and the species composition,turnover and diversity were investigated at different patch positions.After 12 years grazing,the results showed that species similarity of Artemisia frigida patch significantly decreased with the increase of stocking rate(P<0.05).The Margelef and Shannon-Wiener indices of Cleistogenes songorica and Convolvulus ammannii patches significantly decreased with the increase of stocking rate(P<0.05).The Margelef,Shannon-Wiener and Pielou indices of Convolvulus ammannii patch were significantly lower in patch area than that in the ecotone and substrate area(P<0.05).Under grazing utilization,there were more species exchange for Cleistogenes songorica and Convolvulus ammannii patches between patch and the surrounding environment,and Cleistogenes songorica became dominant in the community,while Convolvulus ammannii was in a disadvantageous position due to significant decrease in biomass and species richness.With the increase of stocking rate,the biomass of Artemisia frigida patch decreased significantly,the species turnover between different patch positions increased,and the species turnover between the patch and surrounding environment became greater.The results could provide a reference for the sustainable utilization of desert steppe under grazing.

关 键 词：载畜率 荒漠草原 斑块 Α多样性 β多样性 短花针茅 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]