“新华盛顿共识”与美国农政体系变动趋向  

“New Washington Consensus”and the Changing Trend of American Agricultural Policy System

作　　者：陈明[1] CHEN Ming

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院政治学研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《世界农业》2024年第5期81-91,共11页World Agriculture

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“农村土地制度与乡村治理体制协同改革研究”(23BZZ067)。

摘　　要：“新华盛顿共识”是一份美国国家战略宣言,其中蕴含的战略导向必然会渗透到美国国内外政策的各个方面。下一步,美国农政体系将更多朝着强化自身力量(美国自己称之为“进攻性措施”)的方向发展,具体策略可能包括启动农业高级研究与发展计划、构筑生物育种领域的“小院高墙”及提升农村发展的重要性,对此,中国应该做出一系列战略预置。美国农产品贸易政策导向仍然是提升竞争力、扩大出口,短期内不构成重大冲击,中国甚至可以将之作为拉住美国与之开展博弈缠斗的一个策略筹码,但长期策略上必须把提升农产品竞争力作为重要战略支点。一个比较紧迫的任务是加快种业的制度型开放,以抵御生物育种领域可能出现的“小院高墙”式封锁。同时,从加快追赶超越、建设农业强国的角度讲,美国在科技体制、生物育种和农村发展方面的政策是值得认真借鉴的。“New Washington Consensus”is a national strategic declaration of the United States,which contains the strategic orientation will inevitably penetrate into all aspects of the United States domestic and foreign policies.Next step,the agricultural policy system of the United States will be more in the direction of strengthening its own strength(the United States itself calls it“offensive measures”).It’s specific strategies may include launching Agriculture Advanced Research and Development plans,building a“small courtyard high wall”in the field of biological breeding,and enhancing the importance of rural development.China should make a series of strategic presets for this.The orientation of United States agricultural trade policy is still to enhance competitiveness and expand exports.From the perspective of China,it does not constitute a significant impact in the short term,and can even be used as a strategic bargaining chip to hold the United States in a game of competition.However,in the long run,enhancing the competitiveness of agricultural products must be an important strategic pivot.A more urgent task is to speed up the institutional opening of the seed industry in order to resist the possible“small courtyard high wall”blockade in the field of biological breeding.At the same time,from the perspective of speeding up the catch-up and building an agricultural power,the policies of the United States in science and technology system,biological breeding and rural development are worthy of serious reference.

关 键 词：“新华盛顿共识” 农业政策 农政变革 中美关系 

分 类 号：F371.2[经济管理—产业经济]