黄河上游特有鱼类国家级水产种质资源保护区若尔盖段水生生物资源现状研究  

Research on the Current Situation of Aquatic Biological Resources in the Ruoergai Section of the National Aquatic Germplasm Resources Protection Zone for Endemic Fish in the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River

作　　者：梅燕 陈登 胡杰 金利 李宇浩 赵甜梦 樊海灵 宗浩[1,3] 付长坤 MEI Yan;CHEN Deng;HU Jie;JIN Li;LI Yuhao;ZHAO Tianmeng;FAN Hailin;ZONG Hao;FU Changkun(College of Life Sciences,Sichuan Normal University,Chengdu 610101,Sichuan;School of Environmental Science,Liaoning University,Shenyang 110036,Liaoning;Chengdu Bishuichanghao Institute of Biotechnology,Chengdu 610100,Sichuan;Kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650201,Yunnan;Key Laboratory of the Evaluation and Monitoring of Southwest Land Resources,Sichuan Normal University,Chengdu 610066,Sichuan)

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学生命科学学院,四川成都610101 [2]辽宁大学环境学院,辽宁沈阳110036 [3]成都碧水长浩生物科技研究所,四川成都610100 [4]中国科学院昆明动物研究所,云南昆明650201 [5]四川师范大学西南土地资源评价与监测教育部重点实验室,四川成都610066

出　　处：《四川师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第4期507-516,共10页Journal of Sichuan Normal University（Natural Science）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31672304)。

摘　　要：2021年8—9月对黄河上游特有鱼类国家级水产种质资源保护区若尔盖段(核心区)的水生生物资源及其分布实地调查的结果表明,调查河段浮游植物5门29科51属68种,硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)最多,有12科19属32种,占种类总数的47.06%;浮游动物共计2类16种,原生动物和轮虫各占50%;底栖动物共有3门12种,其中节肢动物门种类数最多,占种类总数83.3%;鱼类共计11种,隶属于1目2科6属,其中鳅科(Cobitidae)有1属6种,占总种数的54.55%,鲤科(Cyprinidae)5属5种,占总种数的45.45%.鱼类生态类型以流水底层生态类群为主,按鱼类繁殖习性,鱼类产卵类型主要是产沉性卵和黏性卵;按食性划分,以水生无脊椎动物和藻类为食的鱼类最多;按区系划分,调查河段鱼类区系组成为中亚高山复合体,具有黄河上游区系组成特点.从渔获物组成上分析,占据数量优势有花斑裸鲤(Gymnocypris eckloni)、斯氏高原鳅(Triplophysa stoliczkai)和拟硬刺高原鳅(Triplophysa pseudoscleroptera)占优势,数量占比分别23.08%、21.15%和19.23%.From August to September 2021,a field survey of aquatic resources and their distribution was conducted in the Ruoergai Section(core area)of the national aquatic germplasm resources protection zoon for endemic fish in the upper reaches of the Yellow River.The results revealed 68 phytoplankton species in 5 phyla,29 families,and 51 genera,with the diatom phylum accounting for 47.06%with 32 species in 12 families and 19 genera.A total of 16 species of zooplankton in 2 categories,with protozoa and rotifers accounting for 50%each.There are three phyla and 12 species of benthic animals,among which the number of arthropod species is the largest,accounting for 83.3%of the total number of species.There are a total of 11 fish species,divided into one order,two families,and six genera.The Cobitidae has one genus and six species,accounting for 54.55%of all species,while the Cyprinidae has five genera and five species,accounting for 45.45 percent.Fish ecological types are primarily flowing bottom ecological groups;fish spawning types are primarily sinking eggs and sticky eggs;and fish feeding on aquatic invertebrates and algae are the most numerous.According to the zonation,the fish zonation of the investigated river section is central Asian alpine complex,which has the characteristics of the zonation of the upper reaches of the Yellow River.Analyzing the catch composition,Gymnocypris eckloni,Triplophysa stoliczkai and Triplophysa siluroides dominated the number of fish,with 23.08%,21.15%,and 19.23%,respectively.

关 键 词：黄河上游 水产种质保护区 水生生物 鱼类 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]