基于钦州湾验潮站2008-2020年潮位序列的潮汐特征研究  

Research on Tidal Characteristics Based on the Tidal Level Sequence of the Qinzhou Bay Tide Station from 2008 to 2020

作　　者：陈旭 翁培耀 陈振华 CHEN Xu;WENG Peiyao;CHEN Zhenhua(Guangxi Key Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea,School of Marine Sciences,Guangxi University,Nanning,Guangxi,530004,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Change and Disaster in Beibu Gulf,Ocean College,Beibu Gulf University,Qinzhou,Guangxi,535011,China;Qinzhou Marine Environment Monitoring and Forecasting Center,Qinzhou,Guangxi,535000,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学海洋学院,广西南海珊瑚礁研究重点实验室,广西南宁530004 [2]北部湾大学海洋学院,广西北部湾海洋环境变化与灾害研究重点实验室,广西钦州535011 [3]钦州市海洋环境监测预报中心,广西钦州535000

出　　处：《广西科学》2024年第1期71-78,共8页Guangxi Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学联合基金项目(U20A20105);广西北部湾海洋环境变化与灾害研究重点实验室重点项目(2020ZD01)资助。

摘　　要：潮汐是钦州湾的主要海洋动力,对物质输运、海洋工程、海洋生态环境等都有重要影响。本研究基于钦州湾验潮站2008-2020年共13年的水位观测资料,利用潮汐调和分析、偏度计算和线性回归等方法,分析钦州湾长时间的潮汐变化、潮不对称性特征及海平面变化趋势。结果表明,钦州湾验潮站潮汐以O_(1)、K_(1)分潮占优,属于规则全日潮。主要分潮振幅有显著的年际变化,2008年为最小值,O_(1)为95.82 cm,K_(1)为88.18 cm,M_(2)为39.53 cm;2016年达到最大值,O_(1)为104.27 cm,K_(1)为95.15 cm,M_(2)为46.16 cm,这一变化与月赤纬角的变化有关。钦州湾潮不对称现象显著,涨潮历时比落潮历时多2-3 h,造成该现象的主要原因是受到半日分潮和全日分潮之间相互作用的影响,其中主要贡献来源于O_(1)、K_(1)、M_(2)之间的相互作用,占总潮汐偏度的80.97%-83.51%。钦州湾海平面有逐年上升的趋势,平均上升速率约为0.96 cm/a,高于同期南海沿海海平面的平均上升速率。研究成果可为钦州湾防灾减灾和港口工程建设提供科学依据。Tide is the main marine dynamic in the Qinzhou Bay,which has significant impacts on material transport,marine engineering,and marine ecological environment.Based on the 13 year water level observation data of Qinzhou Bay tide station from 2008 to 2020,by using the methods of tidal harmonic analysis,skewness calculation and linear regression,the long term tidal variation,tidal asymmetry characteristics and sea level change trend in the Qinzhou Bay were analyzed.The results showed that the tides at the Qinzhou Bay tide station were dominated by O _(1) and K _(1) tides,which were regular all day tides.The main tidal amplitude had significant interannual variations,with the minimum value in 2008,O _(1) was 95.82 cm,K _(1) was 88.18 cm,and M _(2) was 39.53 cm.In 2016,it reached the maximum value,O _(1) was 104.27 cm,K _(1) was 95.15 cm,and M _(2) was 46.16 cm.This change was related to the change of the declination angle of the moon.The tidal asymmetry in the Qinzhou Bay was significant.The duration of flood tide was 2-3 h longer than that of ebb tide.The main reason for this phenomenon was the interaction between semi diurnal and diurnal tides.The main contribution came from the interaction between O _(1),K _(1) and M _(2),accounting for 80.97%-83.51%of the total tidal skewness.The sea level of Qinzhou Bay had a rising trend year by year,and the average rising rate was about 0.96 cm/a,which was higher than the average rising rate of the coastal sea level of the South China Sea in the same period.The research results can provide scientific basis for disaster prevention and mitigation and port engineering construction in the Qinzhou Bay.

关 键 词：钦州湾 调和分析 潮汐特征 偏度 潮不对称性 

分 类 号：P731.23[天文地球—海洋科学]