西藏高寒地区冷季圈舍环境参数及其与舍饲牦牛增重的关系  

Environmental Parameters of Cold Season Enclosures and Their Relationships with Body Weight Gains of Barn-Feeding Yaks in Alpine Region of Tibet

作　　者：孙梦娇 王梓凡 孙光明 洛桑顿珠 次旦央吉 朱彦宾[3] 巴桑旺堆[3] 张晓庆[2,4] SUN Mengjiao;WANG Zifan;SUN Guangming;Luosangdunzhu;Cidanyangji;ZHU Yanbin;Basangwangdui;ZHANG Xiaoqing(College of Grassland Science,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China;Grassland Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hohhot 010010,China;Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary,Tibet Autonomous Regional Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Lhasa 850000,China;Institute of Pratacultural Science,Tibet Autonomous Regional Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Lhasa 850000,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学草业学院,山东青岛266109 [2]中国农业科学院草原研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [3]西藏自治区农牧科学院畜牧兽医研究所,西藏拉萨850000 [4]西藏自治区农牧科学院草业科学研究所,西藏拉萨850000

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2024年第4期112-119,共8页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：西藏自治区“十四五”重大科技专项(XZ202101ZD0002N);西藏自治区中央引导地方发展资金专项(XZ202201YD0031C)。

摘　　要：为深入了解西藏高寒地区冷季圈舍环境参数及其与舍饲牦牛增重的关系,本研究在拉萨市的林周县、当雄县和尼木县典型牦牛养殖场,分别随机挑选20头牦牛于1~3月进行为期79 d的全舍饲饲养,并监测牛舍内温度、湿度及CO_(2)、PM2.5和PM10浓度等环境参数和牦牛日增重。结果表明:试验期内,3县牛舍内温度、湿度差异显著,尼木县牛舍内平均温度和湿度最高,分别为3.96℃和38.19%,林周县分别为1.50℃和25.33%,当雄县分别为-3.83℃和36.21%;尼木县牛舍内CO_(2)浓度最高(961.19 mg/m^(3)),当雄县次之(879.35 mg/m^(3)),林周县最低(837.65mg/m^(3));PM2.5和PM10浓度为林周县最高,尼木县次之,当雄县最低。各县牛舍内1~3月温度呈上升趋势,其他环境参数变化趋势不一致。各县牦牛日增重存在显著差异,其中尼木县最高(587.91g/d),当雄县次之(321.53g/d),林周县最低(262.14 g/d)。回归分析表明,牦牛日增重与牛舍内温度、CO_(2)浓度存在正相关关系,与湿度、PM2.5和PM10浓度无直接关系。由以上结果可见,在冷季漫长的西藏高寒地区改善牛舍环境有益于提高牦牛生产性能。In order to deeply understand the relationship between environmental parameters of enclosure in the cold season and weight gain of yaks in the alpine region of Tibet,twenty yaks were randomly selected from typical yak farms in Linzhou county,Dangxiong county and Nimu county in Lhasa city for 79 days of Whole house feeding from January to March,and the temperature,humidity,CO_(2),PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) environmental parameters and daily weight gain of yaks in the enclosure were monitored.The results showed that there was significant difference in sheds’temperature and humidity among the three counties during the experimental period.The average temperature and humidity were the highest in Nimu county with 3.96℃and 38.19%,respectively,Linzhou county temperature and humidity were 1.50℃and 25.33%,and Dangxiong county temperature and humidity were-3.83℃and 36.21%.The highest CO_(2) concentration was found in Nimu county(961.19 mg/m^(3)),followed by Dangxiong county(879.35 mg/m^(3)),and Linzhou county(837.65 mg/m^(3)).The concentrations of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) were the highest in Linzhou county,followed by Nimu county,and the lowest in Dangxiong county.From January to March,the temperature of all counties showed an upward trend,and the change trends of humidity,CO_(2),PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) concentrations were inconsistent.There were significant differences in daily weight gain of yaks among different counties,with Nimu county having the highest(587.91 g/d),flowed by Dangxiong county(321.53 g/d),and Linzhou county having the lowest(262.14 g/d).The regression analysis results showed that the daily weight gain of yaks was positively correlated with the temperature and CO_(2) concentration inside the cowshed,but not directly related to humidity,PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) concentrations.It can be seen from the above results that improving the cattle shed environment was beneficial to improve yak production performance in the alpine region of Tibet with long cold seasons.

关 键 词：高寒地区 牦牛 畜舍环境 日增重 CO_(2)排放 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]