高精主轴装配工艺设计与测试  

Assembly Process Design and Test of a High Precision Spindle

作　　者：孙井泉[1] SUN Jingquan(Shenyang Machine Tool Co.,Ltd.,Shenyang 110142,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳机床股份有限公司,沈阳110142

出　　处：《机械工程师》2024年第5期106-109,共4页Mechanical Engineer

基　　金：辽宁省科学技术计划项目“数控机床可靠性及一致性提升技术研究与应用”(2022JH1/10400027)。

摘　　要：主轴单元是数控机床的重要功能部件之一,其装配质量将影响机床的加工精度及稳定性等性能指标。为满足数控机床高精高速的实际需求,降低机床主轴单元的故障率,对主轴运转噪声大、轴承温升过高、切削工件表面有振纹等常见故障现象进行研究。结合上述故障产生的原因,分别对相关装配过程作了梳理和总结,如:影响主轴运转噪声的主轴组件动平衡校核工序;影响轴承温升及切削性能的选择配置主轴轴承等工序。通过对主轴单元的温升测试及抗振性切削测试,从而验证了所述装配工艺的正确性和合理性,具有一定的借鉴价值。Spindle unit is one of the important functional parts of CNC machine tool,its assembly quality will affect the machining accuracy and stability of machine tool.In order to meet the actual demand of high precision and high speed of CNC machine tool and reduce the failure rate of spindle unit of machine tool,this paper studies the common fault phenomena such as high running noise of spindle,high temperature rise of bearing and vibration on the surface of cutting workpiece.Combined with the causes of the above faults,the related assembly process is sorted out and summarized,such as the dynamic balance check process of the spindle assembly which affects the running noise of the spindle,the selection and configuration of spindle bearings and other processes which affect bearing temperature rise and cutting performance.Through the temperature rise test and vibration resistance cutting test of the spindle unit,the correctness and rationality of the assembly process described in this paper are verified,and it has some reference value.

关 键 词：主轴单元 动平衡校核 选配法 热装配 温升测试 切削测试 

分 类 号：TG659[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床] TH161.7[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]