听力障碍和言语障碍儿童保健、康复和教育服务的国际政策架构、核心内容与优先领域研究  

Research on framework,core content and priority areas of international policy of healthcare,rehabilitation and education services for children with hearing and speech impairments

作　　者：张青 李彦群 贾文蓉 刘巧云 姜瑞林 ZHANG Qing;LI Yanqun;JIA Wenrong;LIU Qiaoyun;JIANG Ruilin(Department of Education Rehabilitation,Special Education School,Handan University,Handan,Hebei 056005,China;Hebei Special Education Collaborative Innovation Center,Handan,Hebei 050061,China;Faculty of Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]邯郸学院特殊教育学院教育康复学系,河北邯郸市056005 [2]河北省特殊教育协同创新中心,河北邯郸市050061 [3]华东师范大学教育学部,上海市200062

出　　处：《中国康复理论与实践》2024年第4期373-380,共8页Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice

基　　金：河北省高等学校人文社会科学研究项目(No.GH202034);河北省高等教育教学改革研究与实践项目(No.2015GJJG192);邯郸学院教育科学研究课题(No.J202007)

摘　　要：目的分析听力障碍和言语障碍儿童国际保健、康复和教育服务相关政策架构与核心内容以及其优先发展领域。方法基于WHO《健康服务体系中的康复》和健康服务6大构成要素的理论,参照WHO《全球听力报告》,系统分析听力障碍和言语障碍儿童保健、康复与教育服务的国际政策的架构、核心内容以及优先发展领域。结果在领导力与治理方面,需要构建跨部门的治理体制与治理能力,通过包容性政策制定和计划,与各利益相关者合作,共同实施提高耳和听力健康的政策和计划。在筹资方面,需要建立可持续融资和健康保护政策,提倡追加年投资,以扩大耳和听力保健服务的覆盖范围。在人力资源方面,加强教育和培训项目,扩展有关耳和听力保健、言语治疗以及特殊教育教师的教育项目,提高专业人员的服务能力。在服务提供方面,构建综合以人为本的耳和听力保健体系,将耳和听力保健干预措施整合到国家健康计划中,同时考虑到各个层面的需求和优先事项,建立涉及保健、康复和教育的综合性和包容性的服务体系。在医疗技术与设备设施领域,促进高质量听力技术的获取,特别关注助听器和人工耳蜗等技术的有效性和成本效益,将辅助技术和无障碍技术充分应用到教育和康复中;提高听力障碍儿童对听力损失的预防、诊断、治疗和康复的整体水平;将数字技术推广到儿童保健、康复和教育服务中。在信息系统与监测领域,发展标准化的监测指标,建立听力保健服务评估机制,推广远程监测和远程服务。在康复和教育领域,要建立融合的监测数据平台,提高儿童听力言语康复的服务质量。WHO提出的听力障碍和言语障碍儿童的保健、康复与教育服务的优先发展领域涉及5大领域:早期干预和教育、听力和言语治疗、心理社会支持、社交技能和社区参与以及职业教育和生Objective To analyze the framework,core content and priority development areas of international policy concerning healthcare,rehabilitation and educational services for children with hearing and speech impairments.Methods Based on the WHO's"Rehabilitation in Health Systems"and the six building blocks of health services,this study conducted a systematic analysis of the international policy framework,core content and priority areas for global healthcare,rehabilitation and education services for children with hearing and speech impairments,with reference to the WHO World Report on Hearing.Results Regarding leadership and governance,an inter-sectoral governance system and capabilities are necessary,formed through inclusive policy-making and collaborative planning with all stakeholders to enhance ear and hear‐ing health initiatives.In the area of financing,sustainable funding and health protection policies are vital,advo‐cating for incremental annual investments to broaden the scope of ear and hearing healthcare services.Human re‐sources development calls for bolstering educational and training initiatives,expanding programs for ear and hearing healthcare,speech therapy and special education professionals,to elevate service delivery proficiency.For service provision,establishing an integrated,person-centered ear and hearing care system is advocated,which weaves ear and hearing care interventions into comprehensive health strategies,acknowledging the neces‐sities and priorities across all levels and establishing an inclusive service system in the realms of children's health‐care,rehabilitation and education.In terms of medical technology and infrastructure,the study encourages the fa‐cilitation of high-caliber hearing technologies,emphasizing the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of devices like hearing aids and cochlear implants,and fully incorporating assistive and accessible technologies into educational and rehabilitative practices to improve the comprehensive care of children with hearing loss.Digital te

关 键 词：听力障碍和言语障碍 保健 康复 教育 国际政策 

分 类 号：R764[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]