振动检测技术在铁路货车轴承检修中的应用探讨  

Discussion on the Application of Vibration Detection Technology in the Maintenance of Railway Freight Car Bearings

作　　者：杨延峰 石珮廷 潘碧琳 杨兴宽 吴毅 靳雨松 陈堰青 王丁旺 YANG Yanfeng;SHI Peiting;PAN Bilin;YANG Xingkuan;WU Yi;JIN Yusong;CHEN Yanqing;WANG Dingwang(Metals and Chemistry Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;School of Mechanical Electronic and Vehicle Engineering,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044,China;Jiang'an Rolling Stock Depot,China Railway Wuhan Group Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan Hubei 430301,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司金属及化学研究所,北京100081 [2]北京建筑大学机电与车辆工程学院,北京100044 [3]中国铁路武汉局集团有限公司江岸车辆段,武汉430301

出　　处：《高速铁路新材料》2024年第2期65-70,共6页Advanced Materials of High Speed Railway

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划(N2022J050);中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司科研项目(2022YJ208)。

摘　　要：轴承作为货车转向架的重要支承部件,其性能对行车安全有至关重要的影响,因此货车检修车间一直关注轴承的状态判断。通过系统梳理机械行业轴承检测现状,结合货车轮轴检修产线设备布置情况,提出借助既有磨合机增加振动测试的检测方案。以352226X2-2RZ型轴承为例,分别采用故障和正常(新造、大修及运用了一段时间)轴承开展磨合试验。结果表明:振动信息可有效识别出故障和正常轴承(包括新造、大修及运用一段时间的轴承),且均方根和峰值2类指标具有更好的稳定性。新造轴承及刚完成大修后的轴承,其振动的均方根值和峰值2类指标相差不大,显著小于运用了一段时间的轴承。同时,上述结果表明当前货车轴承大修可有效恢复轴承的技术性能。As an important supporting component of freight car bogies,the performance of bearings has a crucial impact on driving safety.Therefore,the freight car maintenance workshop has been paying attention to the condition judgment of bearings.This article systematically reviewed the current status of bearing inspection in the mechanical industry,and proposed a detection plan to increase vibration testing in the test-bed of bearing,based on the layout of equipment on freight car wheel axle maintenance production lines.Taking the 352226X2-2RZ bearing as an example,the test results of the running in machine show that vibration information can effectively identify faulty bearings and normal bearings(including newly manufactured,overhauled,and used bearings for a period of time),and the root mean square and peak values are the two indicators have better stability.The root mean square value and peak value of vibration for newly manufactured bearings and bearings that have just completed major repairs are not significantly different from those of bearings that have been used for a period of time.The above phenomenon indicates that the current major repair of freight car bearings can effectively restore the technical performance of the bearings.

关 键 词：货车轴承 故障诊断 振动检测 轴承磨合机 

分 类 号：U270.7[机械工程—车辆工程]