径流深和侵蚀量与集水面积、坡度及降雨量关系研究  

Study on the Relationship Between Runoff Depth,Erosion Yield and Catchment Area,Slope and Rainfall

作　　者：黄俊 金平伟 姜学兵 Huang Jun;Jin Pingwei;Jiang Xuebing(Pearl River Water Resources Research Institute,Guangzhou 510611,China;Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Center of Pearl River Basin,Guangzhou 510611,China)

机构地区：[1]珠江水利科学研究院,广州510610 [2]珠江流域水土保持监测中心站,广州510610

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2024年第3期135-142,共8页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：长江科学院开放研究基金资助项目(CKWV2016389/KY);广东省水利科技创新项目(2020-25);水利技术示范项目(SF-202207)。

摘　　要：[目的]分析径流深、侵蚀量与集水面积、坡度等影响因子间定量关系,为土壤侵蚀物理模型构建及参数率定提供参考。[方法]基于不同下垫面措施野外径流小区天然降雨实测资料,构建了年降雨径流深、侵蚀量多参数非线性估算模型。[结果]降雨产流阈值随集水面积、坡度呈先减后增、先增后减的变化趋势。年径流深(Y_(1))和年土壤流失量(Y_(2))随面积呈先增后减变化趋势;Y_(1)随坡度呈先减小后迅速增加变化趋势,Y_(2)随坡度呈持续递增变化规律;Y_(1)和Y_(2)随年降雨量持续增加。当坡面面积为130 m^(2)时,Y_(1)和Y_(2)均达最大值;当坡度为13.5°时,Y_(1)达最小值。Y_(1)多参数非线性回归估算模型精度较好,70%数据点相对误差分布在±30%内。[结论]集水面积、坡度和年降雨量三者交互作用对年降雨径流深和侵蚀量影响作用最大;对于年降雨径流深和侵蚀量而言,均存在临界集水面积和临界坡度值。[Objective]The aims of this study are to analyze the quantitative relationship between runoff depth,soil erosion,and factors such as catchment area and slope,to provide a scientific basis for the construction of physical models of soil erosion and the calibration of their parameters.[Methods]Based on measured field data of natural rainfall on runoff plots under different surface conditions,a multiple parameters nonlinear estimation model for annual rainfall runoff depth and soil erosion was established.[Results]The threshold of rainfall generating runoff initially decreased and then increased with the catchment area and slope before showing a trend of increasing followed by decreasing.The annual runoff depth(Y_(1))and annual soil loss(Y_(2))showed a pattern of first increase and then decrease with the increase in area.Y_(1) initially decreased and then rapidly increased with the slope while Y_(2) continuously increased with the slope.Both Y_(1) and Y_(2) increased with the increase in annual rainfall.When the slope area increased to 130 square meters,both Y_(1) and Y_(2) reached to their maximum values.When the slope was 13.5 degrees,Y_(1) reached to its minimum value.The multi-parameter nonlinear regression estimation model for Y_(1) was highly accurate,with 70%of the data points having a relative error within±30%.[Conclusion]The interaction between catchment area,slope,and annual rainfall is the most significant in affecting annual rainfall runoff depth and erosion amounts.There exists a critical catchment area and a critical slope value for annual runoff depth and erosion amounts.

关 键 词：积水面积 坡度 径流深 土壤流失量 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]