干旱半干旱区典型林分持水性能比较研究  

Comparative Study on Water Holding Performance of Typical Stands in Arid and Semi-arid Areas

作　　者：韩青池 孙凯 裴志永[1] 陈宏伟 曹艳伟 孙小添 Han Qingchi;Sun Kai;Pei Zhiyong;Chen Hongwei;Cao Yanwei;Sun Xiaotian(College of Energy and Transportation Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010018,China;Forestry and Grassland Administration,Ordos City,Inner Mongolia 017000,China;Inner Mongolia Ordos Science and Technology Development Center,Ordos City,Inner Mongolia 017000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学能源与交通工程学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]鄂尔多斯市林业和草原局,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017000 [3]鄂尔多斯市科技事业发展中心,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017000

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2024年第3期239-246,共8页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2020ZD0009);国家自然科学基金(52069018);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2020GG0078);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金(2023QN03029)。

摘　　要：[目的]水分供给是制约干旱及半干旱区发展的决定因素,科学评估干旱半干旱区典型林分的持水性能是规划防护林建设,调控林分结构与进行树种选择的重要依据。[方法]以库布齐沙漠鄂尔多斯造林总场内5种典型人工林为研究对象,利用野外收获法与室内浸水法分析林冠层、林下植被层、枯落物层及土壤层持水性能,引入模糊物元模型,结合欧式贴近度对不同林分持水性能进行定量评价。[结果](1)不同树种间林冠持水能力差异显著,表现为杨树旱柳混交林>榆树林>杨树林>沙柳林>樟子松林,林分持水量介于2.36~9.98 t/hm^(2)。(2)各林分林下植被的持水量介于0.84~3.66 t/hm^(2),生物量介于1.33~3.92 t/hm^(2),生物量表现出与持水量相同的变化趋势。(3)枯落物持水量介于1.96~29.25 t/hm^(2),生物量介于1.43~13.62 t/hm^(2),对数函数和幂函数可较好表现枯落物的动态持水量和动态吸水率。(4)各林分间土壤毛管持水量介于543.80~645.71 t/hm^(2),饱和持水量介于562.87~694.78 t/hm^(2),杨柳混交林土壤容重低于其他纯林,同时孔隙度比其他林分高。(5)欧式贴近度大小排序为杨柳混交林(0.805 6)>沙柳林(0.387 7)>榆树林(0.374 7)>杨树林(0.357 2)>樟子松林(0.163 2),欧式贴近度越大,林分持水性能越强,5种林型中杨柳混交林持水能力最强,樟子松林最差。[结论]建议未来经营干旱半干旱区人工防护林建设中,适当提高混交林比例,并尝试通过更多林分合理搭配进行防护林建设保护。[Objective]Water supply is the determinant factor restricting the development of arid and semi-arid areas.Therefore,scientific evaluation of the water-holding performance of typical stands in arid and semi-arid areas is an important basis for planning shelterbelt construction,regulating stand structure and selecting tree species.[Methods]Five typical plantation forests in Ordos Afforestation Field in Kubuqi Desert were taken as the research objects.The water-holding performance of canopy,understory vegetation,litter and soil layers were analyzed by field harvesting method and indoor immersion method.The fuzzy matter-element model was introduced to quantitatively evaluate the water-holding performance of different forest stands combining with European-style closeness.[Results](1)The canopy water-holding capacity of different tree species was significantly different,showing as the order:dry willow and poplar mixed forest>elm forest>poplar forest>salix forest>Pinus sylvestris forest,and the stand water holding capacity was between 2.36~9.98 t/hm^(2).(2)The water holding capacity of understory vegetation in each stand was between 0.84~3.66 t/hm^(2),and the biomass was between 1.33~3.92 t/hm^(2).The biomass showed the same trend as the water holding capacity.(3)The water holding capacity of litter was between 1.96~29.25 t/hm^(2),and the biomass was between 1.43~13.62 t/hm^(2).The logarithmic function and power function could better describe the dynamic water holding capacity and dynamic water absorption rate of litter.(4)The soil capillary water holding capacity of each stand was between 543.80~645.71 t/hm^(2),and the saturated water holding capacity was between 562.87~694.78 t/hm^(2).(5)The European-style closeness decreased in the order:willow mixed forest(0.8056)>salix forest(0.3877)>elm forest(0.3747)>poplar forest(0.3572)>sylvestris pine forest(0.1632).The greater the European-style closeness,the stronger the water-holding capacity of the stand.Among the five forest types,the water-holding capacity of the mixed w

关 键 词：干旱半干旱区 林分持水性能 模糊物元模型 欧式贴近度 

分 类 号：S715.7[农业科学—林学]