社交媒体时代“回音室”与“过滤泡”之辨析  

Echo Chamber and Filter Bubble in the Age of Social Media

作　　者：蒋忠波[1] 薛丹阳 Jiang Zhongbo;Xue Danyang(Sichuan University)

机构地区：[1]四川大学文学与新闻学院,四川成都610207

出　　处：《新闻与传播评论》2024年第3期101-114,共14页Journalism & Communication Review

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(21YJA860006)。

摘　　要：在国内研究对信息茧房、回音室、过滤泡三者概念常常混用的情况下,相较于信息茧房较高的关注度,国内对后两者的研究还远远不够,二者的异同也未得到细致辨析。经过对回音室、过滤泡相关研究进行文献计量分析,并从概念提出的背景、概念的内涵、操作化和研究结论方面深入辨析,发现二者概念的相同点在于:它们所描述的信息环境是相似的,即在网络技术的支持之下,一个由与个体喜好/倾向相匹配的同质化信息构成的信息环境。而不同之处在于:回音室强调受众主动选择与己具有相同倾向的个体进行交流互动,从而陷入只能听到自己声音的回音室中,其实质是观点同质化,所导致的后果是受众观点的极化,受众本身常被视为是主动性的;过滤泡强调算法推荐导致受众陷入同质化信息环境之中,其实质是信息接触单一化,导致的主要后果包括受众认知的窄化和观点的极化,受众往往被视为是被动性的。Compared with the notion of an information cocoon,domestic studies of echo chamber and filter bubble are far from adequate.The similarities and differences between the two have not been carefully studied.Following a bibliometric analysis of related research on both concepts,we provide an in-depth analysis of the background,implications,operations,and conclusions of research on both concepts.We find that the two concepts are similar in the sense that they describe similar information environments,that is,information environments composed of homogeneous information that matches the preferences/inclinations of individuals under the support of network techniques.However,there are some differences.Echo chamber emphasizes that the audience actively chooses to communicate and interact with like-minded individuals,thus falling into an echo chamber where they can only hear their own voices.Its essence is the homogeneity of opinions,which leads to the opinion polarization.The audience is usually regarded as proactive.The echo chamber effect was tested by examining the level of interaction between similar users,and most findings supported the existence of echo chamber.In contrast,filter bubble emphasizes algorithm recommendation that leads the audience into a homogeneous information environment.This is essentially a simplification of the contact information,with major consequences including a narrowing of the audiences perception and polarization of opinion,with the audience being perceived as passive in general.After measuring whether the information recommended by the algorithm to the same user is diverse or homogeneous across different users,most findings did not support the existence of filter bubble.These findings are helpful for researchers to describe and criticize the relevant phenomena by using these two concepts more precisely,and they are also useful for policy makers to make regulations based on scientific findings rather than fear of this new technology.

关 键 词：回音室 过滤泡 算法推荐 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]