论涉外法治关系的法理结构及实践意义  

On the Legal Structure and Practical Significance of the Rule of Law in Foreign Affairs

作　　者：莫纪宏[1] MO Ji-hong(Inustitute of Lar,Chinere Academy of Social Sciences,Bejing 100720,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所,北京100720

出　　处：《山西师大学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期1-13,共13页Journal of Shanxi Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：中国社会科学院重大创新项目(2023YZD021)。

摘　　要：本文从一个全新的法理视角来阐释从党的十八届四中全会《中共中央关于全面推进依法治国若干重大问题的决定》(以下简称《决定》)提出的“加强涉外法律工作”到党的十九届四中全会《中共中央关于坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化若干重大问题的决定》(以下简称《决定》)确定的“加强涉外法治工作”政策术语演变背后的法理依据,并对作为习近平法治思想核心要义之一的“坚持统筹国内法治和涉外法治”的法理内涵进行了创新意义上的解读,其基本分析方法就是打破了传统法理学使用的法律关系概念的逻辑界限,用法理内涵和外延更加丰富的法治关系的概念来分析“统筹”国内法治和涉外法治关系中的各种法律问题,主张应当把制定法规则与法律秩序效果有机结合起来综合性地判断一个主权国家的法治状态,不能仅仅将研究视野停留在制定法规则占优势的传统法理上。本文在分析法治关系概念的建构功能时指出,在涉外法治关系体系中,法治关系的构成要素至少应当分为九个方面,包括法律规则要素、法律关系主体要素、法律关系客体要素、法律关系内容要素(主要是权利义务关系)、法律关系时空要素、法律关系手段要素、法律关系目的要素、法律关系效力要素和法律关系秩序要素。上述九个方面的法治关系构成要素只要其中一个类型的要素中包含“涉外”因素,那么,这种法治关系就具有了“涉外法治关系”的特性,就必须从整体上来协调法律关系中的法律规则与法律秩序之间的价值要求,统筹基于传统法律关系理论形成的“国内法治”与根据法治关系理论产生的“涉外法治”,以具有实效性的“法治”价值来保证涉外法律工作的制度化、规范化,不断提高涉外工作法治化水平。From a new legal perspective,this paper explains the legal basis behind the evolution of policy terms from“strengthening foreign-related legal work”proposed in the Decision of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee to“strengthening foreign-related rule of law work”determined in the Decision of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee.It analyzes various legal issues in domestic rule of law and foreign-related rule of law relations by adopting the concept of rule of law with richer connotation and extension,and argues that the rule of law of a sovereign country should be judged comprehensively by organically combining the rule of law with the effect of legal order,rather than just focusing on the traditional rule of law in which rule of law is dominant.When analyzing the construction function of the concept of rule of law relations,this paper points out that in the system of foreign rule of law relations,the constituent elements of rule of law relations should be divided into at least nine aspects,including the elements of legal rules,the subject elements of legal relations,the object elements of legal relations,the content elements of legal relations(mainly rights and obligations),the time and space elements of legal relations,the means elements of legal relations,the purpose elements of legal relations,the effectiveness elements of legal relations and the order elements of legal relations.As long as one of the nine elements of the rule of law relationship contains“foreign-related”factors,the rule of law relationship has the characteristics of“foreign-related rule of law relationship”,and the value requirements between legal rules and legal order in the legal relationship must be coordinated from the whole.We also need to coordinate the“domestic rule of law”based on the traditional legal relationship theory and the“foreign rule of law”based on the rule of law relationship theory,ensure the institutionalization and standardization of foreign legal work with

关 键 词：涉外法律工作 涉外法律关系 涉外法治工作 涉外法治关系 国内法治 涉外法治 国际法治 

分 类 号：D920.0[政治法律—法学]