自由贸易协定与专利出海——基于TRIPS-plus专利规则视角  

Free Trade Agreements and Patent Going Overseas--From the Perspective of TRIPS-plus Patent Rules

作　　者：王星媛 韩剑[1] 廖陈成 WANG Xingyuan;HAN Jian;LIAO Chencheng

机构地区：[1]南京大学商学院

出　　处：《国际贸易问题》2024年第3期139-156,共18页Journal of International Trade

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“构建面向全球的高标准贸易与投资协定网络及影响研究”(23JJD790007)。

摘　　要：本文聚焦于自由贸易协定中的TRIPS-plus专利规则,将自由贸易协定中的TRIPS-plus专利规则与专利出海纳入到一个统一的分析框架,深入揭示TRIPS-plus专利规则影响专利出海的内在机理。同时,利用谷歌专利云数据,在测算各国海外专利申请水平的基础上,建立高维固定效应面板泊松模型,实证检验TRIPS-plus专利规则对专利出海的影响效应与方向。研究结果表明:TRIPS-plus专利规则能通过降低专利出海壁垒和提高专利国际市场竞争力来推动一国专利出海活动的开展,且其对以美、日、欧为首的发达国家的专利出海的促进效应最强,而发展中国家只有彼此之间存续TRIPS-plus专利规则,TRIPS-plus专利规则才能为发展中国家专利出海提供动力;虽然TRIPS-plus专利规则为专利出海提供了政策激励,但并不意味着TRIPS-plus专利规则深化水平越高越好;TRIPS-plus专利规则对专利出海的影响效应因自由贸易协定的形式和数量而存在异质性。本文不仅系统评估了TRIPS-plus专利规则的技术创新效应,也为广大发展中国家应对TRIPSplus扩张提供了政策方向。This paper focuses on TRIPS-plus patent rules in free trade agreements,integrating TRIPS-plus patent rules and patent going overseas into a unified analytical framework,and deeply reveals the internal mechanisms of the impact of TRIPS-plus patent rules on the patent going overseas.At the same time,using Google Cloud Platform patent data,based on measuring the level of overseas patent applications in various countries,we establish a panel Poisson model with high-dimensional fixed effects to empirically test the impact and direction of TRIPS-plus patent rules on patent going overseas.The research finds that TRIPS-plus patent rules promote a country's overseas patent activities by reducing barriers to patent going overseas and improving international patent market competitiveness,and their effect is strongest in promoting patent going overseas in developed countries such as the United States,Japan,and the European Union.TRIPS-plus patent rules only provide an impetus for developing countries to export their patents when these rules are implemented among them.Overall,although the TRIPS-plus patent rules provide policy incentives for patent going overseas,this does not imply that a deeper implementation of TRIPS-plus patent rules is always better.The impact of TRIPS-plus patent rules on patent going overseas varies with the form and number of free trade agreements.This study not only systematically evaluates the technological innovation effects of TRIPS-plus patent rules,but also provides policy directions for developing countries to scientifically respond to the expansion of TRIPS-plus.

关 键 词：自由贸易协定 TRIPS-PLUS 专利规则 专利出海 

分 类 号：F752.61[经济管理—国际贸易]